Observational Evidence of a Centi-parsec Supermassive Black Hole Binary Existing in the Nearby Galaxy M81

Jiang, Wu; Shen, Zhiqiang; Martí-Vidal, Ivan; Yan, Zhen; Huang, Lei; Gold, Roman; Li, Ya-Ping; Xie, Fuguo; Kawaguchi, Noriyuki

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad063d

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 67 publications

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“…Radio observations can probe this scenario when at least one of the black holes produces a jet. The orbital motion imposes a widening helical pattern on the jet (e.g., Kun et al, 2015;Britzen et al, 2017;Kharb et al, 2019;Jiang et al, 2023). Supermassive black hole binary with subparsec separations can raise jet precession periods of the order of several Myr, significantly less than the typical ages of observed radio galaxies spanning several hundred Myr.…”

Section: Precession Of Binary Black Holesmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-shaped radio galaxies: probing jet evolution, ambient medium dynamics, and their intricate interconnection

Giri,

Fendt,

Thorat

et al. 2024

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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This review explores the field of X-shaped radio galaxies (XRGs), a distinctive subset of winged radio sources that are identified by two pairs of jetted lobes which aligned by a significant angle, resulting in an inversion-symmetric structure. These lobes, encompassing active (primary) and passive (secondary) phases, exhibit a diverse range of properties across the multiple frequency bands, posing challenges in discerning their formation mechanism. The proposed mechanisms can broadly be categorized into those related either to a triaxial ambient medium, into which the jet propagates, or to a complex, central AGN mechanism, where the jet is generated. The observed characteristics of XRGs as discovered in the most substantial sample to date, challenge the idea that there is universal process at work that produces the individual sources of XRGs. Instead, the observational and numerical results rather imply the absence of an universal model and infer that distinct mechanisms may be at play for the specific sources. By scrutinizing salient and confounding properties, this review intends to propose the potential direction for future research to constrain and constrict individual models applicable to XRGs.

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Section: Precession Of Binary Black Holesmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-shaped radio galaxies: probing jet evolution, ambient medium dynamics, and their intricate interconnection

Giri,

Fendt,

Thorat

et al. 2024

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Precession and split of tilted, geometrically thin accretion disk: an analytical study

Shen,

Chen

2024

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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It has been observed that many relativistic jets display a kind of cork-screw-like precession. Numerical simulations has suggested that such kind of precession may originate from the precession of the disk. In this work, we introduce an analytical model to describe the precession and split of a tilted, geometrically thin disk. We consider the Lense-Thirring effect from the central (primary) black hole (BH) and the gravitational effect from the companion (secondary) BH far away from the center, both of which could induce the precession of the accretion disk around the spin axis of central black hole. We propose the splitting conditions that when the rate of viscous diffusion cannot catch up with the dynamical frequency at a certain layer of fluid, the disk would split into two parts which precess independently. We presume that the precessions of the inner and outer disks are in accord with the rotation and precession of jet, respectively. By matching the frequencies of the disks to the observed frequencies of jet in the cork-screw-like precession and considering the splitting condition, we are allowed to read four parameters, the innermost radius (r in), the outermost radius (r out) of the disk, the initial splitting radius (r sp,0), and the inflow speed magnitude (β), of the disk. We apply this model to OJ 287. Moreover, considering the inward shrinking of the disks, we find the time variation of the precession angle of jet. This time variation presents a unique feature of our model, which could be distinguishable in the future observation.

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SAUNAS. II. Discovery of Cross-shaped X-Ray Emission and a Rotating Circumnuclear Disk in the Supermassive S0 Galaxy NGC 5084

Borlaff,

Marcum,

Temi

et al. 2024

ApJ

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Combining Chandra, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, EVLA, and Hubble Space Telescope archival data and newly acquired data from the Apache Point Observatory/Dual Imaging Spectrograph, we detect a double-lobed 17 kpc X-ray emission with plumes oriented approximately perpendicular and parallel to the galactic plane of the massive lenticular galaxy NGC 5084 at 0.3–2.0 keV. We detect a highly inclined ( i = 71.2 − 1.7 + 1.8 ◦ ), molecular circumnuclear disk ( D = 304 − 11 + 10 pc) in the core of the galaxy rotating (V rot ( 2 − 1 ) CO = 242.7 − 6.4 + 9.6 km s−1) in a direction perpendicular to that of the galactic disk, implying a total mass of log 10 M BH M ⊙ = 7.66 − 0.15 + 0.21 for NGC 5084's supermassive black hole. Archival EVLA radio observations at 6 and 20 cm reveal two symmetric radio lobes aligned with the galactic plane, extending to a distance of R ¯ = 4.6 ± 0.6 kpc from the core, oriented with the polar axis of the circumnuclear disk. The spectral energy distribution lacks strong emission lines in the optical range. Three formation scenarios are considered to explain these multiwavelength archival observations: (1) active galactic nuclei (AGN) reorientation caused by accretion of surrounding material, (2) AGN-driven hot gas outflow directed along the galactic minor axis, or (3) a starburst/supernovae driven outflow at the core of the galaxy. This discovery is enabled by new imaging analysis tools including the Selective Amplification of Ultra Noisy Astronomical Signal, demonstrating the abundance of information still to be exploited in the vast and growing astronomical archives.

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Observational Evidence of a Centi-parsec Supermassive Black Hole Binary Existing in the Nearby Galaxy M81

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

X-shaped radio galaxies: probing jet evolution, ambient medium dynamics, and their intricate interconnection

X-shaped radio galaxies: probing jet evolution, ambient medium dynamics, and their intricate interconnection

Precession and split of tilted, geometrically thin accretion disk: an analytical study

SAUNAS. II. Discovery of Cross-shaped X-Ray Emission and a Rotating Circumnuclear Disk in the Supermassive S0 Galaxy NGC 5084

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