Observational evidence of sensitivity of surface climate changes to land types and urbanization

Lim, Young‐Kwon; Cai, Ming; Kalnay, Eugenia; Zhou, Liming

doi:10.1029/2005gl024267

Cited by 119 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Interestingly, the oil palm and rubber plantations were only slightly warmer than the forests whereas the young oil palm plantations had clearly higher LST than the other vegetated surfaces. For other parts of the world, Lim et al (2005Lim et al ( , 2008, Fall et al (2010) and Weng et al (2004) also observed cooler temperatures for forests and the highest surface temperatures for barren and urban areas. In Indonesia, land transformation is often not instantaneous from forest to oil palm or rubber plantation but can be associated with several years of bare or abandoned land in-between (Sheil et al, 2009).…”

Section: Lst Patterns Across Different Land Use and Land Cover (Lulc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion of oil palm and other cash crops causes an increase of the land surface temperature in the Jambi province in Indonesia

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Indonesia is currently one of the regions with the highest transformation rate of land surface worldwide related to the expansion of oil palm plantations and other cash crops replacing forests on large scales. Land cover changes, which modify land surface properties, have a direct effect on the land surface temperature (LST), a key driver for many ecological functions. Despite the large historic land transformation in Indonesia toward oil palm and other cash crops and governmental plans for future expansion, this is the first study so far to quantify the impacts of land transformation on the LST in Indonesia. We analyze LST from the thermal band of a Landsat image and produce a highresolution surface temperature map (30 m) for the lowlands of the Jambi province in Sumatra (Indonesia), a region which suffered large land transformation towards oil palm and other cash crops over the past decades. The comparison of LST, albedo, normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI) and evapotranspiration (ET) between seven different land cover types (forest, urban areas, clear-cut land, young and mature oil palm plantations, acacia and rubber plantations) shows that forests have lower surface temperatures than the other land cover types, indicating a local warming effect after forest conversion. LST differences were up to 10.1 ± 2.6 • C (mean ± SD) between forest and clear-cut land. The differences in surface temperatures are explained by an evaporative cooling effect, which offsets the albedo warming effect.Our analysis of the LST trend of the past 16 years based on MODIS data shows that the average daytime surface temperature in the Jambi province increased by 1.05 • C, which followed the trend of observed land cover changes and exceeded the effects of climate warming. This study provides evidence that the expansion of oil palm plantations and other cash crops leads to changes in biophysical variables, warming the land surface and thus enhancing the increase of the air temperature because of climate change.

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Section: Lst Patterns Across Different Land Use and Land Cover (Lulc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion of oil palm and other cash crops causes an increase of the land surface temperature in the Jambi province in Indonesia

et al. 2017

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“…The OMR method is based on the fact that the reanalysis data did not assimilate observed surface information. This method does provide some signatures consistent with the distribution of underlying surface properties [22,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. However, whether or not the OMR fully represents the impact of LUCC is still controversial [37,38].…”

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confidence: 99%

Urbanization and heterogeneous surface warming in eastern China

Yang

2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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With the homogeneity-adjusted surface air temperature (SAT) data at 312 stations in eastern China for 1979-2008 and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime light data, the spatial heterogeneities of the SAT trends on different scales are detected with a spatial filtering (i.e. moving spatial anomaly) method, and the impact of urbanization in eastern China on surface warming is analyzed. Results show that the urbanization can induce a remarkable summer warming in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) city cluster region and a winter warming in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) city cluster region. The YRD warming in summer primarily results from the significant increasing of maximum temperature, with an estimated urban warming rate at 0.132-0.250°C per decade, accounting for 36%-68% of the total regional warming. The BTH warming in winter is primarily due to the remarkable increasing of minimum temperature, with an estimated urban warming rate at 0.102-0.214°C per decade, accounting for 12%-24% of the total regional warming. The temporal-spatial differences of urban warming effect may be attributed to the variation of regional climatic background and the change of anthropogenic heat release.heterogeneous surface warming, urbanization, surface air temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, eastern China Citation:Wu K, Yang X Q. Urbanization and heterogeneous surface warming in eastern China. Chin Sci Bull, 2013Bull, , 58: 13631373, doi: 10.1007 Surface warming over recent five decades is attributed to natural climate change and anthropogenic forcing. The anthropogenic forcing mainly includes the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and aerosols, as well as the land use/ cover change (LUCC) [1]. Relative to the enhanced greenhouse effect, however, the climatic effect of LUCC has not been drawn sufficient attention. The urbanization is one of the extreme processes in LUCC [2]. It can alter surface vegetation distribution, induce regional climate change and increase uncertainty in future climate projection [3]. Moreover, large-scale urbanization can affect regional surface energy and water balance [4], and thus may intensify the frequency of extreme weather/climate events. Since both GHG and urbanization tend to increase the surface air temperature (SAT), it is quite difficult to estimate the relative contribution of either effect to the surface warming [5]. A variety of methods have been adopted to detect the climatic effect of urbanization. The most conventional and direct method is the so-called urban-minus-rural (UMR) method in which the SAT at urban and rural sites is contrasted. The key of this method depends on whether or not those sites or stations can be objectively classified. In general, such a classification utilizes either population data [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] or satellite data (such as nighttime light imagery and land cover dataset) [18][19][20][21][22][23] as well as the geographic location of the stations. In addition, Empirical O...

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“…In recent years urban boundary layer research has received more attention, as people have realized that urbanization has impacts on weather and climate (Changnon, 1992;Martilli, 2002;Kalnay and Cai, 2003;Shepherd and Burian, 2003;Lim et al, 2005;Best, 2006). Studies on the urban boundary layer have been carried out through various approaches including observational experiment, physical modelling and numerical simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observational verification of urban surface roughness parameters derived from morphological models

Liu¹,

Sun²,

Jiang³

2008

Meteorological Applications

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This study focuses on how to verify the aerodynamic roughness parameters in an urban area by using observational data collected in the roughness sub-layer. Anemometrical observations were made in the downtown area of Nanjing, China, in summer and winter. Data were collected using both slow and fast response anemometers mounted on a 36 m tower. The friction velocity was observed just above the top of the urban canopy layer, which is at the height of 19.7 m, while the mean wind speed was observed at a relatively low level that is generally thought to be in the roughness sub-layer, of which the top usually ranges from 2 to 5 times the height of the urban canopy layer. The results of the measurements show that the dimensionless friction velocities (normalized by the mean wind speed at an upper level) maintain approximately a constant (0.20) and the fluctuations are small (±0.02) in a period of 21 days. The results imply that the similarity relation for the mean wind profile is still valid and that the effect of stratification is negligibly small in the urban roughness sub-layer.Based on the measurement results, the logarithmic wind profile was applied to verify the aerodynamic roughness parameters empirically derived from four morphological models: the rule of thumb (Rt) method, the Bottema (Ba) method, the Macdonald (Ma) method and the Raupach (Ra) method. The results show that they are not very different from each other. The good performance of the Rt method may be due to the fact that the distribution of buildings in the study area is regular. The Ba and Ra methods are likely to be better since they can give reasonable estimates of roughness parameters. Evidence indicates that the Ma method underestimates the roughness length.

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Observational evidence of sensitivity of surface climate changes to land types and urbanization

Cited by 119 publications

References 24 publications

Expansion of oil palm and other cash crops causes an increase of the land surface temperature in the Jambi province in Indonesia

Expansion of oil palm and other cash crops causes an increase of the land surface temperature in the Jambi province in Indonesia

Urbanization and heterogeneous surface warming in eastern China

Observational verification of urban surface roughness parameters derived from morphological models

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