Observational signatures of quantum gravity in interferometers

Verlinde, Erik; Zurek, Kathryn M.

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136663

Cited by 40 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A further breakthrough was made by Verlinde and Zurek [9] when a similar angular correlation function was calculated for quantum gravitational fluctuations on causal diamonds (conformal Killing horizons) in holographic flat space-time. A key conjecture is established, that there is a universal effect of metric fluctuations near horizons, because standard thermodynamics near a black hole horizon equally applies near null surfaces associated with boundaries of finite regions in flat space-time, e.g.…”

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This line of research, initially based on heuristic arguments about the large correlations necessary for such dimensional reduction of information in the Planckian degrees of freedom of background space-time, was met with much controversy. In recent years, however, the motivating theoretical ideas have been reformulated with much more rigorous treatment by Banks, Verlinde, and Zurek [9][10][11]. This new understanding has yet to result in a phenomenological model of observables measured in a realistic experiment, which is the aim of this manuscript.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An estimate of holographic space-time uncertainties in this picture [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] says that for an observational system of scale L = cτ , a causal diamond delimiting its measurement should embody fluctuations of variance (δL/L) 2 ∼ t P /τ . As a frequency-domain signal, the strain h ≡ δL/L has a power spectral density (PSD) of ∼ t P (in units of inverse frequency) over a bandwidth ∼ 1/τ (in units of frequency).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observational Probes of Holography with Quantum Coherence on Causal Horizons

Kwon¹

2022

Preprint

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There is much recent development towards interferometric measurements of holographic quantum uncertainties in an emergent background space-time. Despite increasing promise for the target detection regime of Planckian strain spectral density, the latest motivating theoretical ideas have not been connected to a phenomenological model of observables measured in a realistic experiment. This manuscript proposes a candidate model, based on the central hypothesis that all horizons are universal boundaries of coherent quantum information -where the decoherence of space-time happens for the observer. The prediction is motivated by 't Hooft's algebra for black hole information that gives coherent states on horizons, whose spatial correlations were shown by Verlinde and Zurek to also appear on holographic fluctuations of causal boundaries in flat space-time (conformal Killing horizons). Time-domain correlations are modeled from Planckian jitters whose coherence scales match causal diamonds, motivated by Banks' framework for the emergence of space-time and locality. The universality of this coherence on causal horizons compels a multimodal research program probing concordant signatures: An analysis of cosmological data to probe primordial correlations, motivated by Hogan's interpretation of well-known CMB anomalies as coherent fluctuations on the inflationary horizon, and upcoming 3D interferometers to probe causal diamonds in flat space-time. Candidate interferometer geometries are presented, with a modeled frequency spectrum for each design.

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Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observational Probes of Holography with Quantum Coherence on Causal Horizons

Kwon¹

2022

Preprint

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“…Due to their excellent sensitivity at or beyond quantum limits, gravitational-wave detectors (or precision interferometers of a similar type) can also be of use for fundamental physics in a direct way, not mediated by gravitational waves. Examples are a possible search for vacuum birefringence [12] and the search for signatures of quantum gravity [13][14][15]. Several ideas have been put forward how different candidates of dark matter can directly couple to gravitational-wave detectors, ranging from scalar field dark matter [4,16] to dark photon dark matter [17], and to clumpy dark matter coupling gravitationally or through an additional Yukawa force [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct limits for scalar field dark matter from a gravitational-wave detector

Vermeulen,

Relton,

Grote

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The nature of dark matter remains unknown to date and several candidate particles are being considered in a dynamically changing research landscape [1]. Scalar field dark matter is a prominent option that is being explored with precision instruments such as atomic clocks and optical cavities [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Here we report on the first direct search for scalar field dark matter utilising a gravitational-wave detector operating beyond the quantum shot-noise limit. We set new upper limits for the coupling constants of scalar field dark matter as a function of its mass by excluding the presence of signals that would be produced through the direct coupling of this dark matter to the beamsplitter of the GEO 600 interferometer. The new constraints improve upon bounds from previous direct searches by more than six orders of magnitude and are more stringent than limits obtained in tests of the equivalence principle by one order of magnitude. Our work demonstrates that scalar field dark matter can be probed or constrained with direct searches using gravitational-wave detectors and highlights the potential of quantum technologies for dark matter detection.

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“…Current experimental and theoretical values for a e are quoted in Ref. [11][12][13] 2 We note that there have been other suggestions in recent years for terrestrial experiments to find novel gravitational effects arising from an IR/UV correspondence, although they do not appear to be related to what we discuss here [5][6][7][8][9]. 3 Ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Gravitational contributions to the electron $g$-factor

Cohen,

Kaplan

2021

Preprint

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In a previous paper, the authors with Ann Nelson proposed that the UV and IR applicability of effective quantum field theories should be constrained by requiring that strong gravitational effects are nowhere encountered in a theory's domain of validity [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4971 (1999)]. The constraint was proposed to delineate the boundary beyond which conventional quantum field theory, viewed as an effective theory excluding quantum gravitational effects, might be expected to break down. In this Letter we revisit this idea and show that quantum gravitational effects could lead to a deviation of size (α/2π) me/Mp from the Standard Model calculation for the electron magnetic moment. This is the same size as QED and hadronic uncertainties in the theory of ae, and a little more than one order of magnitude smaller than both the dominant uncertainty in its Standard Model value arising from the accuracy with which α is measured, as well as the experimental uncertainty in measurement of ae.

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Observational signatures of quantum gravity in interferometers

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

Observational Probes of Holography with Quantum Coherence on Causal Horizons

Observational Probes of Holography with Quantum Coherence on Causal Horizons

Direct limits for scalar field dark matter from a gravitational-wave detector

Gravitational contributions to the electron $g$-factor

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