Observational Study of Fetal Outcome of Pregnancies Antenatally Diagnosed on Ultrasound to Have Isolated Fetal Urological Congenital Anomalies

Abstract

Background: Most common severe congenital anomalies are birth defects, neural tube defects, and Down syndrome. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract anatomy (CAKUT) are common in children and represent approximately 30% of all prenatally diagnosed malformations. The spectrum includes more common anomalies such as vesicoureteral reflux and, rarely, more severe malformations such as bilateral renal agenesis. Materials and methods:The present study was an observational prospective study, conducted in tertiary maternity hospital affiliated to a medical college in a metropolitan city. The study subjects were recruited in the study at the time of delivery or at the time of termination of pregnancy through universal sampling of all patients who register at Maternity Hospital. Study period was of 18 months, i.e., from February 2017 to August 2018. Results:The antenatal diagnosis of urological anomalies was made in second trimester in 50%. 57.4% were male fetuses and 42.6% were female. Six fetuses underwent medical termination of pregnancy. Of the 54 cases born, 3 babies were stillborn, 3 babies died, and 84% survived till the 28th day of life. Most common anomaly diagnosed was hydronephrosis (51%), followed by renal agenesis (12.7%) and polycystic kidney (12.7%). Conclusion:It can be said that antenatal and postnatal USG are good diagnostic tools when it comes to diagnosing congenital urological anomalies. Any suspected case of congenital urological anomaly should be referred to a tertiary care setup where NICU facilities are available.