Observational tests of general relativity and alternative theories of gravity with Galactic Center observations using current and future large observational facilities

Abstract

It is established that there are supermassive black holes in centers of galaxies. A supermassive black hole with mass around 4 × 10 6 M is located at the Galactic Center. Such an approach for the Galactic Center looks rather natural, in spite of that consequences of model must be checked with observations. We discuss opportunities to check this with forthcoming observations of shadows in mm band for the Galactic Center as it was done recently for M87*. Observations of bright stars moving near the Galactic Center gives another opportunity to evaluate gravitational potential. We discuss opportunities to use these observations to constrain alternative theories of gravity.

Influence of bulk mass distribution on orbital precession of S2 star in Yukawa gravity

“…Also, an experimental detection of graviton is a very hard problem to solve and there are different ways to evaluate a graviton mass if it is non-vanishing [24][25][26][27]. We use Yukawa gravity, one among the gravity theories with non-vanishing graviton mass [24,25,28] to give constraint of graviton mass.…”

“…In the few recent publications reporting about the discovery of gravitational waves from the binary black hole system, the LIGO-Virgo collaboration obtained the graviton mass constraints [29][30][31][32] and in the last years the constraint was significantly improved, in particular, based on a joint analysis of events from the first (O1) and the second (O2) observing runs or in other words, the events were collected in the first LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-1), the authors found that graviton mass should be m g < 4.7×10 −23 eV [33], while adding events from the first part of the third observational run (O3a) to GWTC-1 to form the second LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-2), the authors found that m g < 1.76 × 10 −23 eV [34]. In our previous papers, constraint of graviton mass has been obtained from an analysis of trajectories of bright stars near the Galactic Center [24][25][26][27][28] assuming a potential of bulk distribution of matter is negligible in comparison with a potential of a point like mass. In this paper we consider orbital S2 star precession due to an inclusion of potential of a bulk distribution of matter [15,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Influence of bulk mass distribution on orbital precession of S2 star in Yukawa gravity

“…Also, an experimental detection of graviton is a very hard problem to solve and there are different ways to evaluate a graviton mass if it is non-vanishing [24,25,26,27]. We use Yukawa gravity, one among the gravity theories with non-vanishing graviton mass [24,25,28] to give constraint of graviton mass.…”

“…In the few recent publications reporting about the discovery of gravitational waves from the binary black hole system, the LIGO-Virgo collaboration obtained the graviton mass constraints [29,30,31,32] and in the last years the constraint was significantly improved, in particular, based on a joint analysis of events from the first (O1) and the second (O2) observing runs or in other words, the events were collected in the first LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-1), the authors found that graviton mass should be m g < 4.7 × 10 −23 eV [33], while adding events from the first part of the third observational run (O3a) to GWTC-1 to form the second LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-2), the authors found that m g < 1.76 × 10 −23 eV [34]. In our previous papers, constraint of graviton mass has been obtained from an analysis of trajectories of bright stars near the Galactic Center [24,25,26,27,28] assuming a potential of bulk distribution of matter is negligible in comparison with a potential of a point like mass. In this paper we consider orbital S2 star precession due to an inclusion of potential of a bulk distribution of matter [15,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42].…”