Observations and analysis of the movement of fluid mud in an estuary

Formation and motion characteristics of summary fluid mud

“…Definition of fluid mud, mainly sandy density or concentration as discriminating parameters, combined with rheological properties to define,that is by the newtonian fluid rheological model bingham fluid into the lower float when mud,when fluid mud fluidity apparently disappeared,along with fluid mud density rheological parameters increases significantly when floating mud cap increase. For example, Hong roujia think that the new port fluid mud density lower limit is 1.06t/m 3 , the upper limit is 1.20 to 1.25t/m 3 , Chen xueliang think that lianyun port fluid mud density lower limit is 1.03t/m 3 ,The upper limit is 1.25t/m 3 ,Li jiufa think that the yangtze river estuary fluid mud density lower limit is 1.04t/m 3 , the upper limit is 1.25t/m 3 , Wang ruicheng consider that the huanghua port fluid mud lower limit is 1.03t/m 3 ,the upper limit is 1.20t/m 3 ,Li kunpeng think xiaolangdi reservoir fluid mud desity lower limit is 1.04t/m 3 , the upper limit is 1.23t/m 3 ; Odd and Rodger [8] of Britain think that the lower limit of float mud 1.08t/m 3 ,the upper limit is 1.20t/m 3 ,Han winter werp(1999) [9] consider the definition of fluid mud containing sediment concentration above the gel point, namely 10 to 100kg/m 3 more cohesive sediment suspension.…”

Wave-Created Mud Suspensions: A Theoretical Study

“…where τ b is bed shear stress, and ρ o = 1028 kg/m 3 is seawater density, noting that sediment concentrations of~100 g/L increase the bulk density of the seawater-sediment mixture by~6%, which is relatively small and can be ignored in (5). Using the law of the wall, the friction velocity is derived from the model velocity, u w + u b , at the first velocity grid point ( = ∆z/2) above the bed, yielding [38]:…”

“…Fluid mud is the mixture of clay, silt and very fine sand particles, organics, and water at concentrations close to the tightest possible packing of mud floccules, termed the gelling point, C gel (Figure 1). Fluid mud layers are often only a few centimeters thick [1,2], but they can reach much greater thicknesses of up to several meters [3][4][5].…”

The measurement of modern sedimentation in estuarine environments in New Zealand

“…Hicks and Hume (1997) also found that in areas of complex topography such as tidal deltas, a greater density of transects was required to accurately calculate changes in the sediment surface. Additional problems can occur in muddy environments where a fluid mud layer occurs at the water/sediment interface and there is difficulty interpreting where the sediment surface lies (Odd et al . 1993).…”