Observations of carbon dioxide and turbulent fluxes during fog conditions in north India

Patil, M. N.; Dharmaraj, T.; Waghmare, R.T.; Singh, Surender; Pithani, Prakash; Kulkarni, Rachana; Dhangar, Narendra G.; Siingh, Devendraa; Chinthalu, G. R.; Singh, R. P.; Ghude, Sachin D.

doi:10.1007/s12040-019-1320-5

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Greene and Robertson (2017) found evidence of a link between the NAO and decadal variability of winter and spring precipitation in the Upper Indus Basin in CMIP5 models. Hingmire et al (2019) found that nonfoggy days over the Indo-Gangetic Plain-which they associated with the presence of WDs-preferentially occurred during periods of positive NAO, although this result may be complicated by the fact that WDs often are associated with fog (e.g., Sawaisarje et al 2014;Patil et al 2020). Syed et al (2010) used a regional climate model to investigate the effects of the NAO and ENSO on precipitation over North Pakistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan and found that positive phases of the NAO were associated with anomalously low 500 hPa height over the region and associated moisture intake from Mediterranean, Caspian, and Arabian Seas, leading to excess precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking the North Atlantic Oscillation to winter precipitation over the Western Himalaya through disturbances of the subtropical jet

Hunt

Zaz

2022

Clim Dyn

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Winter (December to March) precipitation is vital to the agriculture and water security of the Western Himalaya. This precipitation is largely brought to the region by extratropical systems, known as western disturbances (WDs), which are embedded in the subtropical jet. In this study, using seventy years of data, it is shown that during positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) the subtropical jet is significantly more intense than during negative phases (NAO−). Accordingly, it is shown that the NAO significantly affects WD behaviour on interannual timescales: during NAO+ periods, WDs are on average 20% more common and 7% more intense than during NAO− periods. This results in 40% more moisture flux entering the region and impinging on the Western Himalaya and an average increase in winter precipitation of 45% in NAO+ compared to NAO−. Using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, North Atlantic variability is causally linked to precipitation over North India—latitudinal variation in the jet over the North Atlantic is linked to waviness downstream, whereas variation in its tilt over the North Atlantic is linked to its strength and shear downstream. These results are used to construct a simple linear model that can skilfully predict winter precipitation over north India at a lead time of one month.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking the North Atlantic Oscillation to winter precipitation over the Western Himalaya through disturbances of the subtropical jet

Hunt

Zaz

2022

Clim Dyn

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show abstract

“…found that non-foggy days over the Indo-Gangetic Plain, which they associated with the presence of WDs, preferentially occurred during periods of positive NAO, although -as discussed in Sec. 3.4.1 -this interpretation is probably incorrect as WDs are often associated with the onset of fog (e.g.,Sawaisarje et al, 2014;Patil et al, 2020; Smith et al, 2022). A relationship between the NAO and winter weather over the western Himalaya has also been established in several paleoclimate studies.Chinthala et al (2022) found a weak but significantly positive correlation between the NAO and winter precipitation over the Western Himalaya in their isotopic analysis of fir tree cellulose Forke et al (2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Western disturbances and climate variability: a review of recent developments

Hunt,

Baudouin,

Turner

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Abstract. Western disturbances (WDs) are synoptic-scale weather systems embedded within the subtropical westerly jet. Manifesting as upper-level troughs often associated with a lower-tropospheric low over Western India, they share some dynamical features with extratropical cyclones. WDs are most common during the boreal winter (December to March), during which they bring the majority of precipitation – both rain and snow – to the Western Himalaya, as well as to surrounding areas of north India, Pakistan and the Tibetan Plateau. WDs are also associated with weather hazards such as heavy snowfall, hailstorms, fog, cloudbursts, avalanches, frost, and coldwaves. In this paper, we review the recent understanding and development on WDs. Recent studies have collectively made use of novel data, novel analysis techniques, and the increasing availability of high-resolution weather and climate models. This review is separated into six main sections – structure and thermodynamics, precipitation and impacts, teleconnections, modelling experiments, forecasting at a range of scales, and paleoclimate and climate change – each motivated with a brief discussion of the accomplishments and limitations of previous research. A number of step changes in understanding are synthesised. Use of new modelling frameworks and tracking algorithms has significantly improved knowledge of WD structure and variability, and a more frequentist approach can now be taken. Improved observation systems have helped quantification of water security over the Western Himalaya. Convection-permitting models have improved our understanding of how WDs interact with the Himalayas to trigger natural hazards. Improvements in paleoclimate and future climate modelling experiments have helped to explain how WDs and their impacts over the Himalaya respond to large-scale natural and anthropogenic forcings. We end by summarising unresolved questions and outlining key future WD research topics.

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Linking the North Atlantic Oscillation to winter precipitation over the Western Himalaya through disturbances of the subtropical jet

Hunt¹,

Zaz²,

Romshoo³

2021

Preprint

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Observations of carbon dioxide and turbulent fluxes during fog conditions in north India

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Linking the North Atlantic Oscillation to winter precipitation over the Western Himalaya through disturbances of the subtropical jet

Linking the North Atlantic Oscillation to winter precipitation over the Western Himalaya through disturbances of the subtropical jet

Western disturbances and climate variability: a review of recent developments

Linking the North Atlantic Oscillation to winter precipitation over the Western Himalaya through disturbances of the subtropical jet

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