Observations of external ear—An Indian study

Singh, Priyanka; Purkait, Ruma

doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2009.08.002

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…15 A detailed analysis of the soft tissue of the ear regarding the size and shape is of great importance for physicians performing reconstructive surgery and physical anthropologists and forensic scientists for identification purposes. Prior to an operation, a detailed analysis of the ear size and shape is one of the most important factors influencing the diagnosis of irregularity and the eventual outcome of surgery.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Shape of the External Human Ear: A Geometric Morphometric Study

Ocakoğlu¹,

Ozdemir²,

Ercan³

et al. 2013

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : The aim of this study was to identify the shape variability of the external ear. Variability in the shape of the ear was investigated based on the type of ear, gender and facial side in terms of the shape of the helix and antihelix and the concha. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : A landmark-based geometric morphometric technique was used to analyze the external shape of the ear. The study included 330 (177 females and 153 males) voluntary young adults aged between 18 and 24 years. All data were obtained from standardized digital photographic images taken from the right and left sides of the face. The data from the landmark coordinates were analyzed using statistical shape analysis. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Earlobes were classified according to the angle between the earlobe and the cheek. In accordance with this classification in our study, ear type was classified as type I (tapering-acute angle), type II (square-right angle) and type III (pendulous-obtuse angle) according to the appearance of the lobule. There were significant differences between the gender groups for right and left side separately regarding the shapes of the helix and the shape of the antihelix and the concha in type I ears. There were significant differences between type I and type II ears for right and left side separately regarding the shapes of the helix and the shape of the antihelix and the concha in females. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : The present study serves as a guide to future clinical studies by demonstrating localized variations in the components of the ear that constitute the overall shape of the ear. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Ear; shape; morphometry; statistical shape analysis; geometric morphometrics Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Bu çalışmanın amacı, dış kulağa ait şekil değişkenliğini tanımlamaktır. Kulağın şek-lindeki değişkenlik kulak tipi, cinsiyet ve tarafa göre heliks ile antiheliks ve konkanın şekilleri açısından incelenmiştir. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çalışmada, dış kulağın şeklini analiz etmek için nirengi noktası tabanlı geometrik morfometrik bir yöntem kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya yaşları 18-24 arasında değişen 330 (177 kadın, 153 erkek) gönüllü genç erişkin dâhil edilmiştir. Tüm veriler yüzün sağ ve sol tarafından çekilen standartlaştırılmış dijital fotografik görüntülerden elde edilmiştir. Mirengi noktası koordinatlarından elde edilen veriler istatistiksel şekil analizi kullanıla-rak analiz edilmiştir. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Kulak lobu, kulak lobu ile çene arasındaki açı dikkate alınarak sınıflanmıştır. Buna göre çalışmamızda kulak tipi, tip I (sivri-dar açılı), tip II (kare-dik açılı) ve tip III (pendülöz-geniş açılı) olarak sınıflanmıştır. Tip I kulak içinde yapılan karşılaştırmalarda, erkekler ve kadınlar arasında hem sağ kulağın, hem de sol kulağın heliks ile antiheliks ve konka şekillerine göre anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Kadınlarda, tip I ve tip II kulak tipleri arasında hem sağ kulağın,...

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Shape of the External Human Ear: A Geometric Morphometric Study

Ocakoğlu¹,

Ozdemir²,

Ercan³

et al. 2013

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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“…The subjects must be Malaysian young adults of pure Malays and Chinese who owns Malaysian identification card called "Mykad". Subjects were confirmed healthy without any type of anomaly or congenital syndrome as well as never undergone any surgical procedure that could affect ear measurements (Singh & Purkait 2009) [2]. Any attachments to the ear such as earrings were needed to be taken off before photos were captured because it could generally extend the length of ear lobe and further influence the ear length (Sharma., et al 2007) [21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individualization of the ear prints is established by finding the significant similarities of the individual characteristics to preclude the probability of coincidence matching. Ear biometric becomes identification method based on biological and physiological characteristics with high stability, universality, uniqueness, non-invasiveness and extractability (Singh & Purkait 2009) [2]. The ear length of a normal adult is ranging from 55.0 mm to 65.0 mm while the ear width is ranging from 50% to 60% of its length (Jung & Jung 2003;Kalcioglu., et al 2003) [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Preliminary Study on Earprint Identification among Young Adults in Malaysia

Lai¹,

Osman²,

Ismail³

2017

Journal of Forensic Science & Criminology

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The objective of this study was to study ear biometric for identification purpose among young adults in Malaysia. A total of 148 subjects (74 males and 74 females) ranging in age from 18 to 25 years were taken from Campus Kuala Lumpur of National University of Malaysia (UKMKKL). A total of twelve biometrics based on Iannarelli's method as well as ear length and ear width were used as measurements. Statistical analysis indicated that left and right ears had no significant difference (p > 0.05). Gender difference was found to be highly significant for nine out of fourteen ear biometrics (p < 0.05). However, there were only five out of fourteen ear biometrics had significant difference between Chinese and Malays (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis had also indicated that differences among ages for each ear biometrics were insignificant and no clear correlation between ear biometrics and ages was obtained (p > 0.05). Formulae for gender and race estimation were obtained by using Classification and Regression (C & R) Tree. Formulae of ear length had the highest accuracy (78.7%) for gender estimation.

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“…Even though Iannarelli's work lacks a complex theoretical basis, it is commonly believed that the shape of the outer ear is unique. The studies in [5] and [6] show that all ears of the investigated databases posses individual characteristics, which can be used for distinguishing between them. Because of the lack of a sufficiently large ear database, these studies can only be seen as hints,not evidence, for the outer ear's uniqueness.…”

Section: Figure 1: Characteristics Of the Human Ear The German Criminmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ear biometrics: a survey of detection, feature extraction and recognition methods

2012

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The possibility of identifying people by the shape of their outer ear was first discovered by the French criminologist Bertillon, and refined by the American police officer Iannarelli, who proposed a first ear recognition system based on only seven features.The detailed structure of the ear is not only unique, but also permanent, as the appearance of the ear does not change over the course of a human life. Additionally, the acquisition of ear images does not necessarily require a person's cooperation but is nevertheless considered to be non-intrusive by most people.Because of these qualities, the interest in ear recognition systems has grown significantly in recent years. In this survey, we categorize and summarize approaches to ear detection and recognition in 2D and 3D images. Then, we provide an outlook over possible future research in the field of ear recognition, in the context of smart surveillance and forensic image analysis, which we consider to be the most important application of ear recognition characteristic in the near future.

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Observations of external ear—An Indian study

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

The Shape of the External Human Ear: A Geometric Morphometric Study

The Shape of the External Human Ear: A Geometric Morphometric Study

A Preliminary Study on Earprint Identification among Young Adults in Malaysia

Ear biometrics: a survey of detection, feature extraction and recognition methods

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