Observations of global ionospheric responses to the 2009 stratospheric sudden warming event by FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC

Lin, Chien Hung; Lin, Jeng-Feng; Chang, Loren C.; Liu, J. Y.; Chen, C. H.; Chen, W. H.; Huang, Hsiao-Ling; Liu, C. H.

doi:10.1029/2011ja017230

Cited by 34 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…One example of global picture of N m F 2 (a) before, (b) during, and (c) after the SSW2009 at 16 LT. White line in each panel shows geomagnetic equator. Arrows at the top of the figure indicate the longitudes which have been reported by other scientists: 1 Fuller‐Rowell et al [, ]; 2.1 Liu et al []; 2.2 Goncharenko et al [, ]; 3 Liu et al []; 4 Liu et al []; and 5 Xiong et al [] and Lin et al []. The two red squares in Figure b indicate the longitude bands to be studied here (30°E–30°W and 150°E–150°W).…”

Section: Modification Of the Ionosphere Caused By Ssw2009mentioning

confidence: 76%

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Ionospheric response to 2009 sudden stratospheric warming in the Northern Hemisphere

et al. 2014

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We study the behavior of the F region ionosphere in the Northern Hemisphere during the sudden stratospheric warming period of 19-30 January 2009 by using FORMOSAT-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) ionosphere data (N m F 2 , h m F 2 , and height profile). We concentrated our study in the longitude bands 30°E-30°W, as well as 150°E-150°W, where no detailed study has been reported so far. At low magnetic latitude, the N m F 2 decreases except during 09-12 LT: in the latitude zone of 20-40°N m F 2 shows an increase of 30% during 09-12 LT. At higher magnetic latitude the N m F 2 shows an increase during daytime and a reduction in the evening (21-03 LT). There is a latitude zone where N m F 2 does not change. The latitude seems to correspond to the latitude where atmospheric temperature does not change. The behavior of the N m F 2 seems to suggest a reduction of neutral density in low latitude and increase of neutral density in higher latitude. During the period of day of year (DOY) 25-31, the N m F 2 shows a drastic reduction only during 06-09 LT in low latitudes, which is slightly away from geomagnetic equator. This special feature which occurred during declining phase of the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) might be explained as due to enhanced dynamo electric field. The study suggests global change of the thermosphere including dynamo region, in spite of the fact that SSW is a high-latitude phenomenon which occurred much below the height region of thermosphere.

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Section: Modification Of the Ionosphere Caused By Ssw2009mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Chau et al [] observed E × B drift velocity of about 30 (m/s) before 8 LT which is higher than that during 09–12 LT for 2008 SSW. Lin et al [] also reported shift of the maximum upward plasma velocity to early morning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Ionospheric response to 2009 sudden stratospheric warming in the Northern Hemisphere

et al. 2014

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“…The ionosphere perturbations during SSWs generally exhibit semidiurnal behavior, and variability in the S W 2 has therefore been considered as a potentially important contributor to generating ionospheric variability during SSWs. Observations and model results illustrate that large changes in the S W 2 occur during SSWs [ Fuller‒Rowell et al , ; Jin et al , ; Lin et al , ; Pancheva and Mukhtarov , ; Pedatella et al , ]. These studies have provided substantial evidence that S W 2 perturbations are likely to play a critical role in driving ionosphere variability during SSWs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The influence of atmospheric tide and planetary wave variability during sudden stratosphere warmings on the low latitude ionosphere

2013

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[1] Numerical simulations are performed for a sudden stratosphere warming (SSW) under different atmospheric tide and planetary wave forcing conditions to investigate the tidal variability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). The influence of variability of different tides in the MLT on generating perturbations to the low latitude ionosphere is also investigated. Significant changes are found to occur in the migrating semidiurnal solar (SW2) and lunar (M2) tides as well as in the westward propagating nonmigrating semidiurnal tide with zonal wave number 1 (SW1). The changes in the zonal mean atmosphere that occur during SSWs lead to an enhancement in the SW2 and M2 tides. The vertical wavelength of the SW2 is also changed, resulting in phase variability in the SW2 at a constant altitude. Significant enhancements in the SW1 are found to occur only in the presence of additional planetary wave forcing, and this demonstrates that nonlinear planetary wave-tide interactions lead to the enhanced SW1 during SSWs. The amplitude and phase variability of the SW2 is found to be capable of producing temporal variability in the vertical plasma drift velocity that is similar to the observed variability. Changes in the M2 during SSWs can contribute up to an additional 30% of the total ionosphere variability; however, the overall influence of the lunar tide is found to be dependent upon the phase of the moon relative to the timing of the SSW. Although the influence is relatively minor, the SW1 also contributes to the low latitude ionosphere variability during SSWs. The simulation results for the vertical plasma drift velocity and total electron content (TEC) further illustrate that significant longitude variability occurs in the ionosphere response to SSWs.

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“…It was devoid of any major geomagnetic disturbance which could help interpret the effects due to internal sources. Second, the 2009 SSW event has been studied extensively (Azeem et al, ; Chau et al, ; Conde & Nicolls, ; Fagundes et al, ; Fang et al, ; Forbes & Zhang, ; Fuller‐Rowell, Akmaev, et al, ; Fuller‐Rowell, Wang, et al ; Goncharenko, Coster, et al, ; Goncharenko, Chau, et al, ; He et al, ; Klimenko et al, ; Korenkov et al, ; Lin et al, ; Liu et al, , ; McDonald et al, ; Oyama et al, ; Patra et al, ; Pedatella et al, ), which gives us an advantage to use it as an ideal testbed. However, we must emphasize that none of the studies focused on small‐scale GWs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Small‐Scale Gravity Wave Activity in the Ionosphere During the Major Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event of 2009

Nayak

Yiğit

2019

JGR Space Physics

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The present study investigates the effect of the major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event of 2009, on the small‐scale gravity wave (GW) activity in the ionosphere. Small‐scale fluctuations with time periods within the range of 10–90 min observed in Global Positioning System total electron content (TEC) data have been used as a proxy for GW activity in the ionosphere. TEC data from five longitudinally separated Global Positioning System stations located around 60∘N latitude have been utilized for this purpose. In the initial phase of the major warming, when the stratospheric conditions are similar to a minor warming during which the mean zonal flow starts to weaken, the ionopsheric GW activity tends to increase. However, during the peak phase of the SSW, as the zonal mean wind starts to reverse its direction, and after the peak warming, as the winds remain weak, conditions are less favorable for upward propagation of a spectrum of GWs, and thus the ionospheric GW activity is reduced, as seen from the behavior of the small‐scale TEC fluctuations during the latter period of the SSW. Similar reduction in GW activity is also observed in the middle atmosphere (65–100 km) as seen from GWs derived from SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) temperature profiles. The reductions in GW activity is more prominent during local daytime as compared to nighttime period. The reduction in GW activity shows a longitudinal variation with some locations showing relatively more reduction in the GW activity as compared to others.

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Observations of global ionospheric responses to the 2009 stratospheric sudden warming event by FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC

Cited by 34 publications

References 44 publications

Ionospheric response to 2009 sudden stratospheric warming in the Northern Hemisphere

Ionospheric response to 2009 sudden stratospheric warming in the Northern Hemisphere

The influence of atmospheric tide and planetary wave variability during sudden stratosphere warmings on the low latitude ionosphere

Variation of Small‐Scale Gravity Wave Activity in the Ionosphere During the Major Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event of 2009

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