Observations of Interstellar Carbon Compounds

Dartois, E.

doi:10.1051/eas/1146039

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…5 The 3.4 µm feature is seen in absorption against the background infrared continuum along two lines of sight (GC IRS8 and GCS3) towards the galactic center. Figure adapted from Dartois (2011) can be quite reliably determined. The strength of the 3.4 µm feature suggests that at least 15 % of all the carbon atoms are in the form of aliphatic compounds (Dartois 2011).…”

Section: Organics In the Diffuse Ismmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Complex organics in space from Solar System to distant galaxies

Kwok

2016

Astron Astrophys Rev

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Recent observational and experimental evidence for the presence of complex organics in space is reviewed. Remote astronomical observations have detected ∼200 gas-phased molecules through their rotational and vibrational transitions. Many classes of organic molecules are represented in this list, including some precursors to biological molecules. A number of unidentified spectral phenomena observed in the interstellar medium are likely to have originated from complex organics. The observations of these features in distant galaxies suggests that organic synthesis had already taken place during the early epochs of the Universe. In the Solar System, almost all biologically relevant molecules can be found in the soluble component of carbonaceous meteorites. Complex organics of mixed aromatic and aliphatic structures are present in the insoluble component of meteorites. Hydrocarbons cover much of the surface of the planetary satellite Titan and complex organics are found in comets and interplanetary dust particles. The possibility that the early Solar System, or even the early Earth, have been enriched by interstellar organics is discussed.

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Section: Organics In the Diffuse Ismmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Figure adapted from Dartois (2011) can be quite reliably determined. The strength of the 3.4 µm feature suggests that at least 15 % of all the carbon atoms are in the form of aliphatic compounds (Dartois 2011).…”

Section: Organics In the Diffuse Ismmentioning

confidence: 90%

Complex organics in space from Solar System to distant galaxies

Kwok

2016

Astron Astrophys Rev

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“…The examination of these samples has provided many unexpected findings, including the presence of refractory minerals (Simon et al 2008), the presence of chondrule-like objects ) and low abundance of presolar grains (Stadermann & Floss 2008). Indigenous organic materials are also observed in Wild 2 samples (Sandford et al 2006;Matrajt et al 2008;Cody et al 2008Cody et al , 2011Gallien et al 2008;Wirick et al 2009;De Gregorio et al 2010, 2011Clemett et al 2010;Nakamura-Messenger et al 2011). The abundance of organic matter in the Wild 2 samples was lower than expected because the most of the submicron material was destroyed upon capture .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We calculated the ratio for the four samples we analyzed and compared them with the published data of other samples, including CCs, the DISM, comet Hartley 2 and asteroid 24 Themis ( Table 2). Given that the carrier of the 3.4 µm interstellar absorption band appears to be widespread throughout the Galaxy and is present in several others (Pendleton 1997;Wright et al 1996;Imanishi & Dudley 2000;Dartois et al 2004;Dartois 2011;Godard et al 2012), we used the interstellar CH 2 /CH 3 ratio measured in the past by Sandford et al (1991), Pendleton et al (1994) and Pendleton & Allamandola (2002) for the comparison. Another tool that we used for the comparison is the presence of O and N in the organic materials.…”

Section: The 34 µM Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The abundance of organic matter in the Wild 2 samples was lower than expected because the most of the submicron material was destroyed upon capture . Coordinated analyses of organic material have shown that the organic material in the Wild 2 particles is very diverse in its morphology, isotopic and chemical composition, abundance, spatial distribution and complexity De Gregorio et al 2010, 2011Nakamura-Messenger et al 2011). Infrared spectroscopy (Sandford et al 2006;Keller et al 2006;Muñoz Caro et al 2008;Bajt et al 2009) has shown that aliphatics are present in most tracks and particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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THE ORIGIN OF THE 3.4 μm FEATURE IN WILD 2 COMETARY PARTICLES AND IN ULTRACARBONACEOUS INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES

Matrajt

Flynn

Brownlee³

et al. 2013

ApJ

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We analyzed 2 ultra-carbonaceous interplanetary dust particles and 2 cometary Wild 2 particles with infrared spectroscopy. We characterized the carrier of the 3.4 µm band in these samples and compared its profile and the CH 2 /CH 3 ratios to the 3.4 µm band in the diffuse interstellar medium (DISM), in the insoluble organic matter (IOM) from 3 primitive meteorites, in asteroid 24 Themis and in the coma of comet 103P/Hartley 2. We found that the 3.4 µm band in both Wild 2 and IDPs is similar, but different from all the other astrophysical environments that we compared to. The 3.4 µm band in IDPs and Wild 2 particles is dominated by CH 2 groups, the peaks are narrower and stronger than in the meteorites, asteroid Themis, and the DISM. Also, the presence of the carbonyl group C=O at ∼1700 cm −1 (5.8 µm) in most of the spectra of our samples, indicates that these aliphatic chains have O bonded to them, which is quite different from astronomical spectra of the DISM. Based on all these observations we conclude that the origin of the carrier of the 3.4 µm band in IDPs and Wild 2 samples is not interstellar, instead, we suggest that the origin lies in the outermost parts of the solar nebula.Subject headings: Wild 2 cometary particles; interplanetary dust particles; 3.4 µm feature

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Organic Compounds in Circumstellar and Interstellar Environments

Kwok

2015

Orig Life Evol Biosph

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Recent research has discovered that complex organic matter is prevalent throughout the Universe. In the Solar System, it is found in meteorites, comets, interplanetary dust particles, and planetary satellites. Spectroscopic signatures of organics with aromatic/aliphatic structures are also found in stellar ejecta, diffuse interstellar medium, and external galaxies. From space infrared spectroscopic observations, we have found that complex organics can be synthesized in the late stages of stellar evolution. Shortly after the nuclear synthesis of the element carbon, organic gas-phase molecules are formed in the stellar winds, which later condense into solid organic particles. This organic synthesis occurs over very short time scales of about a thousand years. In order to determine the chemical structures of these stellar organics, comparisons are made with particles produced in the laboratory. Using the technique of chemical vapor deposition, artificial organic particles have been created by injecting energy into gas-phase hydrocarbon molecules. These comparisons led us to believe that the stellar organics are best described as amorphous carbonaceous nanoparticles with mixed aromatic and aliphatic components. The chemical structures of the stellar organics show strong similarity to the insoluble organic matter found in meteorites. Isotopic analysis of meteorites and interplanetary dust collected in the upper atmospheres have revealed the presence of pre-solar grains similar to those formed in old stars. This provides a direct link between star dust and the Solar System and raises the possibility that the early Solar System was chemically enriched by stellar ejecta with the potential of influencing the origin of life on Earth.

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Observations of Interstellar Carbon Compounds

Cited by 5 publications

References 65 publications

Complex organics in space from Solar System to distant galaxies

Complex organics in space from Solar System to distant galaxies

THE ORIGIN OF THE 3.4 μm FEATURE IN WILD 2 COMETARY PARTICLES AND IN ULTRACARBONACEOUS INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES

Organic Compounds in Circumstellar and Interstellar Environments

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