Observations of protoplasmic behavior and motile protoplasmic fibrils in Cytochalasin B treatedNitella rhizoid

Chen, James C. W.

doi:10.1007/bf01275719

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Confirming earlier results (10,13,25,40), strong inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming by 50 AM CB was observed (Fig. 1) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A number of workers have examined the effect of cytochalasins on cytoplasmic streaming in characean algae (10,13, 25,40,41) . Cytochalasin B (CB) has been found to cause essentially complete inhibition of streaming, although the concentrations THE JOURNAL Of CELL BIOLOGY " VOLUME 88 FEBRUARY 1981 364-372…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of workers have examined the effect of cytochalasins on cytoplasmic streaming in characean algae (10,13,25,40,41) . Cytochalasin B (CB) has been found to cause essentially complete inhibition of streaming, although the concentrations of CB required (2-100 pM) are generally somewhat higher than those required for inhibition ofmotility and disruption of microfilaments in other cell types (37).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fluorescence studies on modes of cytochalasin B and phallotoxin action on cytoplasmic streaming in Chara.

Nothnagel¹,

Barak²,

Sanger³

et al. 1981

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Various investigations have suggested that cytoplasmic streaming in characean algae is driven by interaction between subcortical actin bundles and endoplasmic myosin . To further test this hypothesis, we have perfused cytotoxic actin-binding drugs and fluorescent actin labels into the cytoplasm of streaming Chara cells. Confirming earlier work, we find that cytochalasin B (CB) reversibly inhibits streaming. In direct contrast to earlier investigators, who have found phalloidin to be a potent inhibitor of movement in amoeba, slime mold, and fibroblastic cells, we find that phalloidin does not inhibit streaming in Chara but does modify the inhibitory effect of CB . Use of two fluorescent actin probes, fluorescein isothiocyanateheavy meromyosin (FITC-HMM) and nitrobenzoxadiazole-phalIacid in (NBD-Ph), has permitted visualization of the effects of CB and phalloidin on the actin bundles. FITC-HMM labeling in perfused but nonstreaming cells has revealed a previously unobserved alteration of the actin bundles by CB . Phalloidin alone does not perceptibly alter the actin bundles but does block the alteration by CB if applied as a pretreatment . NBD-Ph perfused into the cytoplasm of streaming cells stains actin bundles without inhibiting streaming. NBD-Ph staining of actin bundles is not initially observed in cells inhibited by CB but does appear simultaneously with the recovery of streaming as CB leaks from the cells. The observations reported here are consistent with the established effects of phallotoxins and CB on actin in vitro and support the hypothesis that streaming is generated by actin-myosin interactions .The highly organized cytoplasmic streaming exhibited by the giant internodal cells of characean algae has long made these cells an attractive system for the study of cell motility (4) . Accumulated evidence has suggested that motility in a variety of eukaryotic cells is actomyosin-dependent (21) . Measurements of streaming-velocity profiles in characean cells have suggested that the motive force is generated primarily at the interface between the stationary ectoplasm and motile endoplasm (17) . Early ultrastructural studies have revealed the presence of microfilament bundles attached to the chloroplasts at this interface (26) . Subsequent electron and, more recently, fluorescence microscope studies using labeling by heavy meromyosin (20, 27, 29) or antiactin antibodies (45) have demonstrated the presence of actin in these subcortical microfilament bundles and established the unidirectional orientation of the actin filaments (19) . Other light microscope studies have suggested the presence of endoplasmic filaments that appeared to branch from the subcortical actin bundles and participate in the generation of the motive force (1, 2) .The demonstration of actin in characean cells has encouraged workers to search for evidence of myosin in these cells as well . Using a perfusion technique that permitted manipulation of internal pH and ion and ATP concentrations, Williamson observed the ATP-dependent moti...

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“…Confirming earlier results (10,13,25,40), strong inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming by 50 AM CB was observed (Fig. 1) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of workers have examined the effect of cytochalasins on cytoplasmic streaming in characean algae (10,13,25,40,41) . Cytochalasin B (CB) has been found to cause essentially complete inhibition of streaming, although the concentrations of CB required (2-100 pM) are generally somewhat higher than those required for inhibition ofmotility and disruption of microfilaments in other cell types (37).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorescence studies on modes of cytochalasin B and phallotoxin action on cytoplasmic streaming in Chara.

Nothnagel¹,

Barak²,

Sanger³

et al. 1981

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…The fa ct that CB reversibly prevents polar axis fi xation in Fucus could be used as indirect evidence implicating a plasma membrane/microfilament association as the basis for fixation. Attachment of microfilaments to the sol-gel interface in Nitella is prevented by CB (13). Great care must be used in linking CB effects to microfilaments without direct evidence (cf30), but in view ofthe information now available (primarily from animal cells), it could be helpful to propose a model using this association as a basis to stimulate and fo cus fu ture thinking and testing.…”

Section: Polar Axis Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Cell Polarity

Quatrano¹

1978

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

134

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“…197 1 ;Herth er al. The presence of microfilaments differences between cytoplasmic streaming in these cells has been inferred from the inhibi-in higher plants compared with lower plants tory effects of cytochalasin B on streaming since, for example, the chloroplasts move in the (wessels et 1971 ; williarnson 1972, 1 g75; former but are stationary in the latter, while the Bradley 1973;Chen 1973) and from the binding generally are very different. Apart from any made through observations and experiments on evolutionary advances, we might expect to find giant algal cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic streaming in Elodea

Forde¹,

Steer²

1976

Can. J. Bot.

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FORDE, J., and M. W. STEER. 1976. Cytoplasmic streaming in Elodea. Can. J. Bot. 54: 2688-2694. Cytoplasmic streaming in the higher plant Elodea catzndet~sis has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Calcium ions inhibited streaming in detached leaves, whereas magnesium ions stimulated the streaming rate. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at low concentmtions relieved calcium ion inhibition, while at higher concentrations it inhibited the magnesium ion stimulation. Chloride ions had a slight dual effect, accentuating the differences produced by calcium and magnesium ions. Cytoplasmic streaming was reversibly inhibited by cytochalasin B, although there was a considerable delay in these effects. Possible binding sites for cytochalasin B were localized using light microscope autoradiography of leaf sections. Vacuoles, cell walls, and nuclei were unlabelled; chloroplasts were labelled to a limited extent, while the rest of the label was distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Ultrastructural studies failed to reveal large aggregates of microfilaments; instead much smaller bundles were found together with a fibrillargranular material associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. The possibility that this material generates cytoplasmic streaming by imparting movement to the endoplasmic reticulum is considered.

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Observations of protoplasmic behavior and motile protoplasmic fibrils in Cytochalasin B treatedNitella rhizoid

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Fluorescence studies on modes of cytochalasin B and phallotoxin action on cytoplasmic streaming in Chara.

Fluorescence studies on modes of cytochalasin B and phallotoxin action on cytoplasmic streaming in Chara.

Development of Cell Polarity

Cytoplasmic streaming in Elodea

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