Observations of the Ocular Galaxy NGC 2535 and its Starburst Companion NGC 2536

Kaufman, Michele; Brinks, E.; Elmegreen, D. M.; Thomasson, Magnus; Elmegreen, Bruce G.; Struck, Curtis; Klaríc, Mario

doi:10.1086/118651

Cited by 36 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…The high-velocity dispersion leads Kaufman et al (1997) and Elmegreen et al (2000) to suggest that the H i gas disk may be a few times thicker than normal. The H i disk may be flared on the companion and anti-companion sides of NGC 2207 to form a thick disk.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 97%

NGC 2207/Ic 2163: A Grazing Encounter With Large-Scale Shocks

Kaufman¹,

Grupe²,

Elmegreen³

et al. 2012

The Astronomical Journal

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Radio continuum, Spitzer infrared, optical, and XMM-Newton X-ray and ultraviolet observations (UVW1 and UVM2) are used to study large-scale shock fronts, young star complexes, and the galactic nuclei in the interacting galaxies NGC 2207/IC 2163. There are two types of large-scale shock fronts in this galaxy pair. The large-scale shock front along the rim of the ocular oval in IC 2163 has produced vigorous star formation in a dusty environment, bright in the Spitzer 8 μm and 24 μm images. In the outer part of the companion side of NGC 2207, a large-scale front attributed to halo scraping is particularly bright in the λ6 cm and λ20 cm radio continuum but not in any tracers of recent star formation (Hα, 8 μm, 24 μm, or ultraviolet emission) or in X-rays. This radio-continuum front may be from compression of the halo magnetic field on the back side of NGC 2207, between the two galaxies. The X-ray emission sets an upper limit to the gas density in the halo. Values of the flux density ratio S ν (8 μm)/S ν (6 cm) of prominent, kiloparsec-size, Spitzer/IRAC star-forming clumps in NGC 2207/IC 2163 are compared with those of giant radio H ii regions in M81. For the bright clumps in NGC 2207, the mean value of this ratio is the same as for the M81 H ii regions, whereas for the bright clumps on the rim of the IC 2163 ocular oval, the mean value is nearly a factor of two greater. Possible explanations for this are discussed. The galaxy pair has global values of the ratios of infrared-to-radio continuum flux density in the Spitzer 8 μm, 24 μm, and 70 μm bands, and the IRAS FIR significantly below the medians/means for large samples of galaxies. Feature i, a mini-starburst on an outer arm of NGC 2207 on its anti-companion side, is the most luminous 8 μm, 24 μm, 70 μm, radio continuum, and Hα source in the galaxy pair. We find evidence that a radio supernova was present in the core of feature i in 2001. X-ray emission is detected from the nucleus of NGC 2207 and from nine discrete sources whose X-ray luminosities make them possible candidates for Ultraluminous X-ray sources. One of these corresponds with the Type Ib SN 1999ec, which is also bright in the ultraviolet, and another may be a radio supernova or a background quasar. The X-ray luminosity of the NGC 2207 nucleus is log L 0.3-10.0 keV = 40.6 erg s −1 , which, together with its X-ray spectrum, suggests that this is a highly absorbed, low-luminosity, active galactic nucleus.

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 97%

NGC 2207/Ic 2163: A Grazing Encounter With Large-Scale Shocks

Kaufman¹,

Grupe²,

Elmegreen³

et al. 2012

The Astronomical Journal

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“…That is, the formation of such structures requires a pre-existent disk, even if that disk was not able to form many stars. The HI kinematics are indicative of a perturbed disk, not an ill-formed one (Kaufman et al 1997). The kinematic range also indicates the presence of a dark matter halo (Kaufman et al 1997, Amram et al 1989.…”

Section: Mpc Recession Velocity 4097 Km Smentioning

confidence: 94%

Delayed Galaxies

Struck¹,

Hancock

Smith

et al. 2007

Proc. IAU

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Abstract. We can define Delayed Galaxies as a class of rare galaxies that maintained the bulk of their gas for most of the age of the universe following the initial formation of their disks, with little or no star formation. Invisible galaxies and Malin 1 type low-surface-brightness galaxies qualify as class members. Rare examples among interacting galaxies show that collisions can restart the stalled evolution of such galaxies, and suggest that other members of the Delayed class can be found among interacting systems with vigorous current star formation.

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“…However, this system has other peculiarities - Kaufman, et al (1997) found that the system contains almost as much HI gas as stellar mass, an unusually high fraction. Hancock, et al (2006) fitted Starburst99 population models to GALEX and optical data, and found moderate extinctions and young ages for the clump sources.…”

Section: Extended Star Formation In Early Stage Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary galaxy in the Arp 82 system has a long tidal tail, a substantial bridge, and an 'ocular' waveform in its disk; all of the features are characteristic of an M51-type fly-by encounter (see Kaufman, et al (1997)). The companion galaxy is experiencing a starburst, while the primary and the tidal structures have many star-forming clumps.…”

Section: Extended Star Formation In Early Stage Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Star formation in mergers and interacting galaxies: gathering the fuel

Struck

2006

Proc. IAU

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Abstract. Selected results from recent studies of star formation in galaxies at different stages of interaction are reviewed. Recent results from the Spitzer Space Telescope are highlighted. Ideas on how large-scale driving of star formation in interacting galaxies might mesh with our understanding of star formation in isolated galaxies and small scale mechanisms within galaxies are considered. In particular, there is evidence that on small scales star formation is determined by the same thermal and turbulent processes in cool compressed clouds as in isolated galaxies. If so, this affirms the notion that the primary role of large-scale dynamics is to gather and compress the gas fuel. In gas-rich interactions this is generally done with increasing efficiency through the merger process.

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Observations of the Ocular Galaxy NGC 2535 and its Starburst Companion NGC 2536

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

NGC 2207/Ic 2163: A Grazing Encounter With Large-Scale Shocks

NGC 2207/Ic 2163: A Grazing Encounter With Large-Scale Shocks

Delayed Galaxies

Star formation in mergers and interacting galaxies: gathering the fuel

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