Observations on a New Non‐invasive Monitor of Skin Blood Flow

Hales, J. R. S.; Stephens, F. R. N.; Fawcett, A. A.; Daniel, Kurt R.; Sheahan, Jerome; Westerman, R. A.; James, S. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1989.tb01578.x

Cited by 69 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…3 The tissue PI varies with the quantity of red blood cells in the skin microvasculature and it is a reliable indicator of changes in skin blood flow (BF) in humans and animals. 4 The amplitude waveform of the pulse oximeter can be used as a noninvasive measurement of volume status in critically ill adult patients. 5 It has recently been reported that a foot skin PI value r1.24 is an accurate predictor of illness severity in neonates, 3 and a PI value r1.4 indicates hypoperfusion in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot Pulse Oximeter Perfusion Index Correlates with Calf Muscle Perfusion Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Healthy Neonates

et al. 2005

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In critically ill neonates, peripheral perfusion and oxygenation assessment may provide indirect information on the circulatory failure of vital organs during circulatory shock. The development of pulse oximetry has recently made it possible to calculate the perfusion index (PI), obtained from the ratio between the pulsatile and nonpulsatile signals of absorbed light. The main goals of this study were: (1) to study foot PI; and (2) to evaluate the relationship between foot PI, obtained continuously by pulse oximetry, and a number of variables, i.e. blood flow (BF), oxygen delivery (DO 2 ), oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), and fractional oxygen extraction (FOE), measured indirectly by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) on the calf in 43 healthy term neonates (weight 3474.6±466.9 g; gestational age 39.1±1.4 weeks). STUDY DESIGN:Calf BF, DO 2 and VO 2 were assessed by NIRS on short-lived venous and arterial occlusion maneuvers. PI was measured on the contralateral foot. RESULTS:Foot PI was 1.26±0.39. There was a positive correlation between foot PI and both calf BF (r ¼ 0.32, p ¼ 0.03) and DO 2 (r ¼ 0.32, p ¼ 0.03), but no correlation was found between foot PI and calf FOE and between foot PI and VO 2 . CONCLUSIONS:In the neonatal intensive care unit, continuously measuring foot PI by pulse oximetry seems clinically more feasible for peripheral perfusion monitoring than spot measurements of the calf BF and/or VO 2 by indirect NIRS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot Pulse Oximeter Perfusion Index Correlates with Calf Muscle Perfusion Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Healthy Neonates

et al. 2005

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“…Movement artifacts during exercise were eliminated by suspending the arm at the level of the heart, in a sling fastened to the frame of the bicycle ergometer. Skin blood flow was measured with a laser Doppler probe mounted on the upper side of the forearm close to the strain gauge (Perimed PF2B), and with spectrophotometric probes (tissue perfusion monitor; Hales, Stephens, Fawcett, Daniel, Sheahan, Westerman & James, 1989) fixed with double-sided tape on forearm, finger, chest and forehead. These measurements and results will be described elsewhere (Hales, Nielsen & Yanase, manuscript in preparation).…”

Section: Recorder)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human circulatory and thermoregulatory adaptations with heat acclimation and exercise in a hot, dry environment.

Nielsen

Hales

Strange

et al. 1993

The Journal of Physiology

609

615

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SUMMARY1. Heat acclimation was induced in eight subjects by asking them to exercise until exhaustion at 60 % of maximum oxygen consumption rate (VO ) for 9-12 consecutive days at an ambient temperature of 40°C, with 10% relative humidity (RH). Five control subjects exercised similarly in a cool environment, 20 0C, for 90 min for 9-12 days; of these, three were exposed to exercise at 40°C on the first and last day.2. Acclimation had occurred as seen by the increased average endurance from 48 min to 80 min, the lower rate of rise in the heart rate (HR) and core temperature and the increased sweating.3. Cardiac output increased significantly from the first to the final heat exposure from 19 6 to 21V4 1 min-1; this was possibly due to an increased plasma volumne and stroke volume. 4. The mechanism for the increased plasma volume may be an isosmotic volume expansion caused by influx of protein to the vascular compartment, and a sodium retention induced by a significant increase in aldosterone.5. The exhaustion coincided with, or was elicited when, core temperature reached 39-7 + 0 15°C; with progressing acclimation processes it took progressively longer to reach this level. However, at this point we found no reduction in cardiac output, muscle (leg) blood flow, no changes in substrate utilization or availability, and no recognized accumulated 'fatigue' substances.6. It is concluded that the high core temperature per se, and not circulatory failure, is the critical factor for the exhaustion during exercise in heat stress.

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“…A calibration curve for laser Doppler instruments has been attempted by comparison with other methods evaluating various (and different) aspects of cutaneous circulation, such as venous occlusion plethysmography [18], radioactive microsphere injection [19], PPG [19,20], 133 Xe clearance [13,14,[21][22][23].…”

Section: Practical Applications and Use Of Ldf Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PPG has been used in a variety of applications dealing with the monitoring of skin microcirculation during reactive hyperaemia, exercise and effects of topically applied products [19,45].…”

Section: Photoplethysmographymentioning

confidence: 99%

EEMCO Guidance for the Measurement of Skin Microcirculation

Berardesca

Lévêque

Masson³

2002

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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The blood supply to the skin is provided by a network of arterioles, capillaries and venules organized into a superficial and a deep plexus. The assessment of skin microcirculation is of valuable interest in cosmetology in the quantification of the sun protection factor, skin irritation and efficacy of antiredness treatments. Skin microcirculation can be measured by means of different techniques, based mainly on the quantification of optical and thermal properties of the skin which are modified by the amount of blood perfusion. Relevant and reproducible data can be obtained only through the understanding of the biophysical background of the technique(s) utilized. Standardization of measuring conditions and procedures is particularly required for blood flow assessment. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the main techniques in use are discussed, and optimization of measurements for laser Doppler techniques is described.

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Observations on a New Non‐invasive Monitor of Skin Blood Flow

Cited by 69 publications

References 22 publications

Foot Pulse Oximeter Perfusion Index Correlates with Calf Muscle Perfusion Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Healthy Neonates

Foot Pulse Oximeter Perfusion Index Correlates with Calf Muscle Perfusion Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Healthy Neonates

Human circulatory and thermoregulatory adaptations with heat acclimation and exercise in a hot, dry environment.

EEMCO Guidance for the Measurement of Skin Microcirculation

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