Observations on Cattle Schistosomiasis in the Sudan, a Study in Comparative Medicine

Ali, Majid; Ho, B. C.; Am, Saad; Mf, Hussein; Mg, Taylor; Jd, Dargie; Tf, Marshall; Gs, Nelson

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1980.29.452

Cited by 50 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The results of these experiments proved that irradiation-attenuated vaccines offer a considerable potential to protect against bovine and ovine schistosomiasis. One such vaccine has now been further developed and tested under field conditions in the Sudan (Taylor 1980, Majid et al 1980. The results of this trial have further confirmed the special protective effects of irradiated vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The measurement of antigens released by radiation‐attenuated Trichinella spiralis larvae

Agyei‐Frempong

Catty

1983

Parasite Immunology

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A radioimmunoassay has been developed that uses antisera raised to different excretory-secretory antigens of infective larvae of Trichinella spiralis (LESA) to measure accurately the output of these antigens following gamma irradiation at doses from 10 to 120 Krads. In the lower range (up to 20 Krads) irradiation results in the increased export of antigens to the culture supernatant in a subsequent 3 h period, without obvious or gross damage to the worms. Higher doses (greater than 40 Krads) suppress antigen release over the same period compared with the activity of untreated (control) cultures. This work makes two contributions. It describes a sensitive assay system which detects and measures parasite antigens that may be important both in protection and in serodiagnosis, and it offers for the first time an explanation for the special properties of the lower dose range larval irradiation-attenuated vaccine in inducing a high degree of reinfection resistance, as reported in older literature and recently confirmed by us.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The measurement of antigens released by radiation‐attenuated Trichinella spiralis larvae

Agyei‐Frempong

Catty

1983

Parasite Immunology

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“…Similar protection could be induced against S. bovis in cattle with a single vaccination (Bushara et al 1978). These studies culminated in a field trial in cattle of an S. bovis vaccine comprising a single intramuscular injection of schistosomula irradiated at 3 krad (Majid et al 1980). High partial protection to natural exposure was demonstrated and was followed by similar successful field testing of an irradiated, cryopreserved, schistosomula vaccine for S. japonicum in cattle and buffaloes, key hosts of this zoonotic schistosome species (Hsu et al 1984).…”

Section: R R a D I A T E D V A C C I N E S -E S T A B L I S H M E Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-attenuated schistosome vaccination – a brief historical perspective

Bickle

2009

Parasitology

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The high level of protection which can be induced by vaccination of a range of hosts, from rodents to primates, with live radiation-attenuated schistosome larvae offers great promise for development of a human schistosome vaccine. Studies of the irradiated vaccine models benefitted from significant funding during the 1970-90s and much was learned concerning the inducers, targets and mechanisms of immunity. Less progress was made in definition of the protective antigens involved. The application of new techniques for identifying membrane and secreted antigens has recently provided new vaccine candidates and a new impetus for schistosome vaccine development. This article is intended as an overview of some of the main lessons learned from the studies of the irradiated vaccines as a backdrop to renewed interest in schistosome vaccine development.

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“…In field trials in endemic areas of Sudan, a single i.m. injection of S. bovis cercariae irradiated with 30 Gy reduced worm burdens by 60% and egg production by 80% (Majid et al 1980; Aradaib and Osburn 1995). Similar results were obtained with sheep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review

Viljoen

Luckins

2012

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Nuclear and nuclear-related technologies have played an important role in animal health, particularly in relation to disease diagnosis and characterization of pathogenic organisms. This review focuses primarily on how and where nuclear technologies, both non-isotopic and isotopic methods, have made their impact in the past and where it might be expected they could have an impact in the future. The review outlines the extensive use of radiation attenuation in attempts to create vaccines for a multiplicity of pathogenic organisms and how the technology is being re-examined in the light of recent advances in irradiation techniques and cryopreservation/lyophilization that might obviate some of the problems of maintenance of viable, attenuate vaccines and their transport and use in the field. This approach could be used for a number of parasitic diseases where vaccination has been problematic and where investigations into the development of molecular vaccines have still failed to deliver satisfactory candidates for generating protective immune responses. Irradiation of antigens or serum samples also has its uses in diagnosis, especially when the samples need to be transported across international boundaries, or when handling the pathogens in question when carrying out a test presents serious health hazards to laboratory personnel. The present-day extensive use of enzyme immunoassays and molecular methods (e.g., polymerase chain reaction) for diagnosis and characterization of animal pathogens has its origins in the use of isotope-labeled antigens and antibodies. These isotopic techniques that included the use of 75Se, 32P, 125I, and 35S isotopes enabled a level of sensitivity and specificity that was hitherto unrealized, and it is prescient to remind ourselves of just how successful these technologies were, in spite of their infrequent use nowadays. Finally, the review looks at the potential for stable isotope analysis for a variety of applications—in the tracking of animal migrations, where the migrant are potential carriers of transboundary animal diseases, and where it would be useful to determine the origins of the carrier, e.g., Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and its dissemination by wild water fowl. Other applications could be in monitoring sequestered microbial culture (e.g., rinderpest virus) where in the case of accidental or deliberate release of infective culture it would be possible to identify the laboratory from which the isolate originated.

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Observations on Cattle Schistosomiasis in the Sudan, a Study in Comparative Medicine

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

The measurement of antigens released by radiation‐attenuated Trichinella spiralis larvae

The measurement of antigens released by radiation‐attenuated Trichinella spiralis larvae

Radiation-attenuated schistosome vaccination – a brief historical perspective

The role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review

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