Observations on earthquake resistance of traditional timber-framed houses in Turkey

Güçhan, Neriman Şahin

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.09.027

Cited by 62 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…3 There is a widespread heterogeneity with regards to the use of the term hımış: in the relevant literature it is sometimes used to define only the timber-frame wall technique, and/or the timber-frames with infill, rather than with cladding (which is often defined by the umbrella term bağdadi). In this paper, however, it is used to define the entire composite building with masonry ground floor and timber-frame upper floor(s) regardless whether they are used with infill or cladding (for further reading on basic terminology see [9]). is the smallest module forming the external walls of and partition between various units in timber-frame upperstoreys in a hımış house, such as a room, sofa or hayat (a multi-purpose, transitional semi-open or closed space between rooms, articulated depending on the overall plan scheme 4 ) or eyvan (a semi-open recessed sitting unit facing sofa) 5 .…”

Section: Constructive Features Of Himiş Structures and Their Effect Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic resistance of traditional timber-frame hımış structures in Turkey: a brief overview

Aktaş

2017

International Wood Products Journal

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Abstract:Hımış structures have hardly ever found as extensive a role as other traditional timber housing, such as those originating from Japan or Central Europe, within the wide discourse on the seismic performance of timber-frame architecture that has gained significant momentum in the last few decades owing to advancing testing technologies. While the hımış construction technique was perhaps not born as a result of a conscious search for a seismically resistant building form, it was soon widely appreciated for its structural features advantageous under seismic loading -especially from the 16th century when it has become a well-established construction technique in part of the Balkans and in today's Turkey. Despite widely available anecdotal information based on post-disaster studies regarding its performance under earthquakes, robust quantitative data on the seismic behaviour of these structures were practically non-existent until quite recently, and are still somewhat limited. However, we are now able to confirm that hımış constructions do have intrinsic qualities that are very beneficial under seismic action. This paper aims to make a brief review of the current state of our knowledge on structural performance of hımış buildings under earthquake loading, with specific emphasis on infill/cladding techniques, connection details, and energy dissipation characteristics. Hımış structures have hardly ever found as extensive a role as other traditional timber housing, such as those originating from Japan or Central Europe, within the wide discourse on the seismic performance of timber-frame architecture that has gained significant momentum in the last few decades owing to advancing testing technologies. While the hımış construction technique was perhaps not born as a result of a conscious search for a seismically resistant building form, it was soon widely appreciated for its structural features advantageous under seismic loading -especially from the 16 th century when it has become a well-established construction technique in part of the Balkans and in today's Turkey. Despite widely available anecdotal information based on post-disaster studies regarding its performance under earthquakes, robust quantitative data on the seismic behaviour of these structures were practically non-existent until quite recently, and are still somewhat limited. However, we are now able to confirm that hımış constructions do have intrinsic qualities that are very beneficial under seismic action. This paper aims to make a brief review of the current state of our knowledge on structural performance of hımış buildings under earthquake loading, with specific emphasis on infill/cladding techniques, connection details, and energy dissipation characteristics.

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Section: Constructive Features Of Himiş Structures and Their Effect Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic resistance of traditional timber-frame hımış structures in Turkey: a brief overview

Aktaş

2017

International Wood Products Journal

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“…Several authors documented, in fact, a generally good performance of timber buildings during natural events as earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes and snowstorms [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Performance Of Timber Buildings During Past Natural Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ottoman traditional timber-frame houses (see Figure 4b), that may be still found in earthquake-prone areas as Turkey, Balkan countries, Iraq, Siria and Egipt [6,9,21]. Likewise the Pombalino system, also in the Ottoman houses, the timber frames were introduced from the first floor up (for this reason they are also referred to as half-timbered frames).…”

Section: Wood In Civil Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following shortcomings were typically found, in fact, to be responsible for the inefficient structural behavior of wood buildings in past natural disasters: lack of adequate foundation anchorages or inadequate foundations soil; presence of a soft-story mechanism (typically due to large openings at the ground floor of multi-story buildings); insufficient connections between major components or lacking lateral bracing, as documented, among others, in Refs. [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Other causes of failure were also detected as, for instance, failure of infill materials in timber-framed buildings, failure of chimneys, collapse of neighbor buildings, structural changes or excessive loadings given at a certain stage of the building life which caused very large inertia forces [6,9,11,27,28].…”

Section: Wood In Civil Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11]. Other causes of failure were also detected as, for instance, failure of infill materials in timber-framed buildings, failure of chimneys, collapse of neighbor buildings, structural changes or excessive loadings given at a certain stage of the building life which caused very large inertia forces [6,9,11,27,28]. However, the main lesson drown from past events was that, to better resist to lateral loads, a timber structure should be regular, have little openings, possess effective connections, bracing elements and ground anchorages.…”

Section: Wood In Civil Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ductile Behavior of Timber Structures under Strong Dynamic Loads

Porcu¹

2017

Wood in Civil Engineering

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Due to their comparatively low mass that implies reduced horizontal dynamic loads even during strong earthquakes, wood-made buildings might be a good choice in seismic prone regions. To meet the modern design philosophy requirements, however, such structures should be able to behave in a ductile way under exceptional events. By presenting a brief review of the latest developments in the field, this chapter investigates on when and to what extent historical and modern timber buildings may exhibit a ductile and dissipative behavior. A special focus is given to the crucial role of connections and to the difficulties involved by their mechanical model when carrying out codebased non-linear dynamic analyses. Although a ductile behavior is typically required under strong earthquakes, it is to note that a well-designed ductile structure may also be able to withstand other exceptional events as, for instance, tornadoes or blasts.

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Seismic mechanism analysis of a traditional Chinese timber structure based on quasi-static tests

Meng

Yang

et al. 2018

Struct Control Health Monit

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In this paper, a single-layer 1:2-scaled specimen of a timber building was fabricated according to the construction method of the Chinese Song Dynasty, and six quasi-static tests were conducted under three levels of vertical loads to investigate the associated seismic mechanism. The results in this study indicate that the vertical uplift of the timber structure caused by rocking under lateral loading is nonnegligible. During the quasi-static tests, a portion of the energy input to the timber structure, namely, the hysteretic energy, is dissipated through plastic and friction energy dissipation. The remaining energy is converted into gravitational potential energy (GPE) and elastic strain energy (ESE) through the uplift of the timber structure and the elastic deformation of wood components and stored in the timber structure. The hysteretic energy and ESE account for the majority of the input energy when the cyclic amplitude is small.The majority of the input energy is converted into GPE at large cyclic amplitudes. The storage and release of energy is the main mechanism that allows this type of traditional timber structure to resist earthquake actions. Moreover, the influences of the vertical load and loading time were studied.

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Observations on earthquake resistance of traditional timber-framed houses in Turkey

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Seismic resistance of traditional timber-frame hımış structures in Turkey: a brief overview

Seismic resistance of traditional timber-frame hımış structures in Turkey: a brief overview

Ductile Behavior of Timber Structures under Strong Dynamic Loads

Seismic mechanism analysis of a traditional Chinese timber structure based on quasi-static tests

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