Observations on epidermal differentiation in the fetal rat

Bonneville, Mary A.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001230107

Cited by 87 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…6). These findings are in accordance with those of Bonneville [1968], Beneath these two layers a stratum corneum is present. In this layer an enormous diversity in cell height and in electron opacity is striking.…”

Section: -To 21-day-old Fetal Rat Skinsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This was chosen since in fetuses of this age we saw no sign of keratinization with light microscopy [Bauer and K u y pe r , in press]. This is in agreement with the findings of H anson [ 1947] but not with the observations of Bonneville [ 1968] who found that keratinization starts at about the i 1th day of fetal life. The reason for this difference is discussed later.…”

Section: Observationssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The layer containing these granules is generally one cell thick and most likely arises as the result of the differentiation of cells from the stratum intermedium. These granules have been described by Bonneville [1968] and would, in her opinion, already be present in 13-to 14-day fetal rat skin. The granules in question, which are composed of at least two different components ( fig.…”

Section: -Day Feta! Ral Skinmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…To our knowledge, with one exception [Bonneville, 1968] no ultrastructural studies dealing with the differentiation of fetal rat skin in vivo have been reported. No ultrastructural study at all is available about the differentiation of fetal rat skin under organ culture conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differentiation and Keratinization of Fetal Rat Skin

Bauer¹

1972

Dermatology

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Study of epidermis from fetal rats from 17 days until birth includes the whole keratinization process. In 18-day fetal skin, so-called ‘compound’ granules appear. These are different from keratohyalin granules. The layer containing these granules undergoes a flattening in 20-day fetal skin but the individual granules remain visible. On the 18th day of fetal life, the synthesis of keratohyalin granules starts. They seem to originate by the clumping of ribosomes. While growing larger (19-day fetal skin) they become patchy. Many of the granules are in contact with fibrillar material, in particular when the cells become filled with this fibrillar material (21-day skin). Whether this contact happens by accident or whether this material becomes incorporated in these granules is not yet resolved. In 20-day fetal skin a stratum corneum is present. In 17-day fetal skin cultured in vitro, differentiation to morphologically adult skin proceeds faster than in vivo. Already after 2 days in culture a stratum corneum is present which shows most of the ultrastructural characteristics present in vivo. However, at that time the scantiness of keratohyalin granules and of fibrillar material is striking. During the 3rd and 4th day in culture, the amount of fibrillar material increases, as do the number of keratohyalin granules. Our findings on keratohyalin granules are discussed in relation to the current ideas about the role of these keratohyalin granules.

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Section: -To 21-day-old Fetal Rat Skinsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Observationssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: -Day Feta! Ral Skinmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differentiation and Keratinization of Fetal Rat Skin

Bauer¹

1972

Dermatology

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“…The skin of the face at El6 consists of two layers of proliferative ectodermal cells, the cuboidal cells of the epidermis and a n outer layer of flattened cells called the periderm (Bonneville, 1967). Figure 41 shows immunoreactivity associated with the skin of a n E l 6 embryo.…”

Section: Comparison Of El6 and Adult Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurofibromin, a predominantly neuronal GTPase activating protein in the adult, is ubiquitously expressed during development

Daston

Ratner

1992

Developmental Dynamics

107

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The onset of manifestations of the common, autosomal dominantly inherited disease type 1 neurofibromatosis (NFl) is usually in childhood. To begin to understand the pathogenesis of NF1, we analyzed the developmental pattern of expression of the protein product of the NF1 gene, neurofibromin, by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry using the rat as a model system. Neurofibromin is uniformly distributed throughout embyronic day 10 and 12 rat embryos. By embryonic day 16, neurofibromin immunoreactivity is enriched in neurons of the cortical plate, in peripheral ganglia, and in developing CNS and PNS fiber tracts, but remains detectable outside the nervous system. Expression decreases in nonneural tissues by postnatal day 6, and neurofibromin is greatly decreased (lung, adrenal cortex, skin) or absent (skeletal muscle, cartilage) in adult tissues except for brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve, and adrenal medulla. Transient expression of neurofibromin during development in many tissues suggests the importance of this GTPase-activating protein in morphogenesis and organ growth. A separate role is proposed for neurofibromin in growing axons and in the mature nervous system. 0 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Oxalic Acid

Sawada

Murakami

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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The properties of anhydrous oxalic acid and oxalic acid dihydrate are discussed, tabulating their physical and thermochemical constants. The reactions of oxalic acid are also included. Five manufacturing processes which are employed for commercial production are illustrated: oxidation of carbohydrates, ethylene glycol process, propylene process, dialkyl oxalate process, and sodium formate process. The newest of the five, the dialkyl oxalate process (from UBE) is discussed in depth. Advances are covered, including a new synthetic route from CO 2 . Economic aspects of oxalic acid are described, outlining the regional features in the world market. Shipment, storage, and handling are included, covering disposal methods. Health and safety factors and toxicology are also presented. Uses of oxalic acid are described, including separation/recovery of rare‐earth elements, metal treatment, bleaching agents, textile treatment, leather tanning, marble polishing, millet jelly production, etc. Derivatives, such as salts/complexes and organic derivatives, are also presented. Vol. 17, pp. 882–902, 91 refs to December 1993.

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Observations on epidermal differentiation in the fetal rat

Cited by 87 publications

References 21 publications

Differentiation and Keratinization of Fetal Rat Skin

Differentiation and Keratinization of Fetal Rat Skin

Neurofibromin, a predominantly neuronal GTPase activating protein in the adult, is ubiquitously expressed during development

Oxalic Acid

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