Observations on escape runs in wild European hare as a basis for the mechanical concept of extreme cornering with special inference of a role of the peculiar subclavian muscle

Kuznetsov, Alexander N.; Luchkina, O. S.; Panyutina, Aleksandra A.; Kryukova, N. O.

doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2017.01.003

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…a hare or jackrabbit, Lepus spp.). There is very limited information available on typical prey performance, and we did not attempt to model the behaviour of any particular prey item specifically, but as a point of reference, the lure’s turning performance was broadly comparable to that of a European Hare Lepus europaeus , which has been recorded making a 60° evasive turn on a 7-m radius when fleeing a predator at 10 m s −1 9 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hawks steer attacks using a guidance system tuned for close pursuit of erratically manoeuvring targets

2019

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Aerial predators adopt a variety of different hunting styles, with divergent flight morphologies typically adapted either to high-speed interception or manoeuvring through clutter, but how are their sensorimotor systems tuned in relation to habitat structure and prey behavior? Falcons intercept prey at high-speed using the same proportional navigation guidance law as homing missiles. This classical guidance law works well in the open, but performs sub-optimally against highly-manoeuvrable targets, and may not produce a feasible path through the cluttered environments frequented by hawks and other raptors. Here we identify the guidance law of n = 5 Harris’ Hawks Parabuteo unicinctus chasing erratically manoeuvring artificial targets. Harris’ Hawks use a mixed guidance law, coupling low-gain proportional navigation with a low-gain proportional pursuit element. This guidance law promotes tail-chasing and is not thrown off by erratic manoeuvres, making it well suited to the hawks’ natural hunting style, involving close pursuit of agile prey through clutter.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hawks steer attacks using a guidance system tuned for close pursuit of erratically manoeuvring targets

2019

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“…Another example of the use of expanded AR in the Tf division is maneuvering. Independent rolling of the fore and hind halves of the body to the left or right side allows smart cornering in hares (Kuznetsov et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the even‐toed ungulate vertebral column works: Comparison of intervertebral mobility in 33 genera

2021

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In this study, we used a previously developed osteometry‐based method to calculate available range of motion in presacral intervertebral joints in artiodactyls. We have quantified all three directions of intervertebral mobility: sagittal bending (SB), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation (AR). This research covers 10 extant families of artiodactyls from 33 genera and 39 species. The cervical region in artiodactyls is the most mobile region of the presacral vertebral column in SB and LB. Mobility is unevenly distributed throughout the joints of the neck. The posterior neck joints (C4–C7) are significantly more mobile (on average by 2.5–3.5°) to anterior joints (C2–C4) and to the neck–thorax joint (C7–T1) in SB and LB. An increase in the relative length of the cervical region in artiodactyls is accompanied by an increase in the bending amplitudes (SB: Pearson r = 0.781; LB: r = 0.884). Animals with the most mobile necks (representative of Giraffidae and Camelidae) are 2–3 times more mobile in SB and LB compared to species with the least mobile necks. The thoracic region in artiodactyls, as in other mammals, is characterized by the greatest amplitudes of AR due to the tangential orientation of the zygapophyseal articular facets. The lowest AR values in the thoracic region are typical for the heaviest artiodactyls—Hippopotamidae. The highest AR values are typical for such agile runners as cervids, musk deer, pronghorn, as well as large and small antelopes. SB mobility in the posterior part of the thoracic region can be used by artiodactyls during galloping. The highest values of SB aROM in the posterior part of the thoracic region are typical for small animals with high SB mobility in the lumbar region. The lumbar region in mammals is adapted for efficient SB. Both the cumulative and average SB values in the lumbar region showed correspondence to the running type employed by an artiodactyl. The greatest SB amplitudes in the lumbar region are typical for small animals, which use saltatorial and saltatorial–cursorial running. An increase in body size also corresponds to a decrease in lumbar SB amplitudes. The lowest SB amplitudes are typical for species using the so‐called mediportal running. Adaptation to endurance galloping in open landscapes is accompanied by a decrease in lumbar SB amplitudes in artiodactyls. The consistency of the approach used and the wide coverage of the studied species make it possible to significantly expand and generalize the knowledge of the biomechanics of the vertebral column in artiodactyls.

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“…However, the forelimbs and hindlimbs are not really gathered under the body but remain parallel to each other like in a pronking (stotting) gait of gazelle or mara (Climaco das Chagas et al, 2019). Kuznetsov et al (2017) published a video recording image sequence of a cornering maneuver of L. europaeus and also represented its gait diagram for maneuver and fast forward running. As to pikas, their half-bound gait was recorded due to successful keeping of a population of O. rufescens in Germany and appeared in a series of papers on locomotion of small mammals, with O. rufescens as a central object (Witte et al, 2002;Hackert et al, 2006;Schilling and Hackert, 2006).…”

Section: Recording Lagomorph Gaitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although lagomorphs exhibit exceptional levels of maneuverability, there is only one scientific publication documenting this phenomenon (Kuznetsov et al, 2017). This study is based on field records of the L. europaeus chased by sighthounds.…”

Section: Locomotory Adaptations To Corneringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lagomorpha as a Model Morphological System

et al. 2021

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Due to their global distribution, invasive history, and unique characteristics, European rabbits are recognizable almost anywhere on our planet. Although they are members of a much larger group of living and extinct mammals [Mammalia, Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, and pikas)], the group is often characterized by several well-known genera (e.g., Oryctolagus, Sylvilagus, Lepus, and Ochotona). This representation does not capture the extraordinary diversity of behavior and form found throughout the order. Model organisms are commonly used as exemplars for biological research, but there are a limited number of model clades or lineages that have been used to study evolutionary morphology in a more explicitly comparative way. We present this review paper to show that lagomorphs are a strong system in which to study macro- and micro-scale patterns of morphological change within a clade that offers underappreciated levels of diversity. To this end, we offer a summary of the status of relevant aspects of lagomorph biology.

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Observations on escape runs in wild European hare as a basis for the mechanical concept of extreme cornering with special inference of a role of the peculiar subclavian muscle

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Hawks steer attacks using a guidance system tuned for close pursuit of erratically manoeuvring targets

Hawks steer attacks using a guidance system tuned for close pursuit of erratically manoeuvring targets

How the even‐toed ungulate vertebral column works: Comparison of intervertebral mobility in 33 genera

Lagomorpha as a Model Morphological System

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