Observations on some possible attractants of tsetse flies (<i>Glossina morsitans</i>Westw. and<i>G. pallidipes</i>Aust.)

Dean, G. J.; Clements, Stephen A.; Paget, James Carleton

doi:10.1017/s0007485300003394

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For the entomological survey, a total of 1046 mono-pyramidal traps [ 28 ] were deployed in the 52 PAs. Three tsetse fly attractants (acetone, octenol and cow urine) were used [ 29 , 30 ]. Traps were deployed for 2 days and flies were collected twice a day at around 10:00 AM and 6:00 PM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of Glossina sp. and Trypanosoma sp. in south-western Ethiopia

Abdi

Tasew²,

Olani

et al. 2015

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundAccurate information on the distribution of the tsetse fly is of paramount importance to better control animal trypanosomosis. Entomological and parasitological surveys were conducted in the tsetse belt of south-western Ethiopia to describe the prevalence of trypanosomosis (PoT), the abundance of tsetse flies (AT) and to evaluate the association with potential risk factors.MethodsThe study was conducted between 2009 and 2012. The parasitological survey data were analysed by a random effects logistic regression model, whereas the entomological survey data were analysed by a Poisson regression model. The percentage of animals with trypanosomosis was regressed on the tsetse fly count using a random effects logistic regression model.ResultsThe following six risk factors were evaluated for PoT (i) altitude: significant and inverse correlation with trypanosomosis, (ii) annual variation of PoT: no significant difference between years, (iii) regional state: compared to Benishangul-Gumuz (18.0 %), the three remaining regional states showed significantly lower PoT, (iv) river system: the PoT differed significantly between the river systems, (iv) sex: male animals (11.0 %) were more affected than females (9.0 %), and finally (vi) age at sampling: no difference between the considered classes. Observed trypanosome species were T. congolense (76.0 %), T. vivax (18.1 %), T. b. brucei (3.6 %), and mixed T. congolense/vivax (2.4 %).The first four risk factors listed above were also evaluated for AT, and all have a significant effect on AT. In the multivariable model only altitude was retained with AT decreasing with increasing altitude. Four different Glossina species were identified i.e. G. tachinoides (52.0 %), G. pallidipes (26.0 %), G.morsitans submorsitans (15.0 %) and G. fuscipes fuscipes (7.0 %). Significant differences in catches/trap/day between districts were observed for each species. No association could be found between the tsetse fly counts and trypanosomosis prevalence.ConclusionsTrypanosomosis remains a constraint to livestock production in south-western Ethiopia. Four Glossina and three Trypanosoma species were observed. Altitude had a significant impact on AT and PoT. PoT is not associated with AT, which could be explained by the importance of mechanical transmission. This needs to be investigated further as it might jeopardize control strategies that target the tsetse fly population.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of Glossina sp. and Trypanosoma sp. in south-western Ethiopia

Abdi

Tasew²,

Olani

et al. 2015

Parasites Vectors

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“…Under laboratory conditions, visual and olfactory components of host-seeking behaviour are largely eliminated by the operator, although their importance has been evaluated in experimental situations (Turner, 1971;Dean et al, 19696;Brady, 1972a;Gatehouse, 1972a, b) and recently exploited in the field (Vale, 1974a, b, c).…”

Section: Nutritional Events Ingestion Of Blood-mealsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of tsetse flies (Glossinaspp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae): a review

Langley

1977

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Since no major review of the literature on tsetse physiology has hitherto been undertaken, relevant papers up to the beginning of 1977 are included in the present work. The physiology of Glossina is dealt with under three major headings; reproductive, developmental and nutritional events in the life of this haematophagous and viviparous insect are discussed in relation to general principles of insect physiology gained from the study of other genera. The role of adult maturation and the possible involvement of a sex pheromone in successful mating are considered. The difficulties of studying neuroendocrine function in relation to reproductive physiology in a viviparous insect, where reproductive and developmental events are not always separated chronologically, are emphasised. Nevertheless, the role of the neuroendocrine system in the control of such events as ovarian development, ovulation, parturition, pupariation and metamorphosis is considered, and the contribution that recent work on Glossina has made to an increased understanding of general principles in this field is discussed. Laboratory observations have demonstrated circadian components of behaviour in Glossina that can influence interpretation of field observations and likewise should influence the design of physiological experiments. Utilisation of nutritional reserves for larval growth and for flight activity has received considerable attention recently. The general pattern seems to be one of rapid mobilisation of blood-meal amino acids and the involvement of a large lipid reserve. The combined haematophagous and viviparous habit of Glossina has led to some interesting modifications of basic physiology particularly in regard to flight metabolism, female accessory gland function and Malpighian tubule activity. The relevance of physiological studies to current developments in the field of tsetse control is discussed and the importance of exploiting our knowledge in the quest for novel insecticidal techniques emphasised.

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“…In Tanzania, GLASGOW et al (1958) listed various possible hosts of morsitans group flies but analyses of blood-meal squashes showed that despite the fact that warthogs and impala were most common, G. swynnertoni and G. pallidipes fed mainly on Suidae (76% and 94%, respectively). However, in the laboratory DEAN et al (1969) showed that the preference of colours decreased in the following order: ultraviolet, blue, red, white and yellow. Although impala, wildebeest, waterbuck, and particularly zebra occurred in large numbers in collection areas, they were ignored.…”

Section: Host Selection and Feeding Patternmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mechanism of host selection by tsetse flies

Onyiah

1980

Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci.

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Mobility of tsetse flies is influenced by various factors including the search for a blood-meal. Field observations on the feeding behaviour of tsetse are difficult. The use of bait animals for experimental purposes may indicate food sources but not host selection under natural conditions. Availability and density of a particular potential host species in a tsetse habitat can influence the feeding habit of the latter. Flies are capable of adapting to new host species in the absence of the usual ones. Host selection might be due principally to availability of host(s) and not based on true preference. Tsetse flies respond to visual stimuli from moving objects. Their shape, colour and size are important factors eliciting visual response. Whether these factors are distinguished separately or in combinations is not clear. Odour emanating from live hosts causes up-wind olfactory response towards the source(s), resulting in actual landing on test targets even when the hosts are out of sight. The components of odour have not been isolated. It is therefore doubtful if host selection can be associated with odour, as this might imply that tsetse can differentiate the odours of the different potential hosts. The difficulties in ascertaining true host selection by tsetse are discussed to stimulate further investigations.

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Observations on some possible attractants of tsetse flies (Glossina morsitansWestw. andG. pallidipesAust.)

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Spatial distribution of Glossina sp. and Trypanosoma sp. in south-western Ethiopia

Spatial distribution of Glossina sp. and Trypanosoma sp. in south-western Ethiopia

Physiology of tsetse flies (Glossinaspp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae): a review

Mechanism of host selection by tsetse flies

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