“…Many subsequent studies have verified that the amplitude of the P3 evoked by one of a set of clearly discriminable, task-relevant stimuli 'increases as a function of increasing improbability, unexpectedness or uhpredictability (Tueting, Sutton, and Zubin, 1971;Squires, Hillyard, and Lindsay, 1973a;Donchin, Kubovy, Kutas, Johnson, and Herning, 1973;1,ilkinson and Ashby, 1973;Friedman, Hakerem, Sutton, and Fleiss, 1973;Squires, Squires, and Hillyard, 1974). Furthermore, it has been firmly established that a P3 component can aiSO belicited by infrequent omissions of an exp~ted stimulus from a repetitive sequence (Klinke, Fruhstorfer, and Finkenmeller, 1968;Barlow, 1969;Ruchkin and Sutton, 1973;Picton, Hillyard, and Galambos, 1974;Picton and Hillyard, 1974), thus suggesting that the relationship between P3 amplitude and event probability is similar whether the taskrelevant event is stimulus presence or stimulus absence.…”