Observations on the calf venous pump mechanism: Determinants of postexercise pressure

Raju, Seshadri; Fredericks, Ruth K.; Lishman, Perry; Neglén, Peter; Morano, James U.

doi:10.1016/0741-5214(93)90145-c

Cited by 55 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The cross-section of the veins is consequently reduced and the blood flow is accelerated (Ashton 1975;Bassez et al 1999;Chauveau 1999;Ogata and Whiteside 1982;Williams et al 1999). In addition, ECS may act like a stiff fascia, improving the efficacy of the muscle (calf) pump (Alimi et al 1994;Bassez et al 1999;Raju et al 1993) during dynamic muscle contractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Human muscle fatigue and elastic compressive stockings

et al. 2006

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The present study was performed to test if elastic compressive stockings (ECSs) increase muscle fatigability during sustained muscle contraction or if it improves the recovery after fatigue. Surface electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded on 4 leg and thigh muscles, and static ankle dorsal flexion force levels were measured in the right limb of 15 healthy subjects. The subjects maintained a 50% maximum ankle dorsal flexion force (MVF) for as long as possible without and, after a 30 min rest, with a European class I ECS. Finally, after another 30 mn rest, the pressure exerted by the ECS on the skin was measured at standard points on the limb, using a Salzmann apparatus. During the first 10 min of both rest periods, the subjects performed brief static maximum ankle dorsal flexions every 30 s. ECS exerted a 14.3 mm Hg mean pressure at tibial level C. Linear relationships, whose slopes were not influenced by ECS, existed between the maintenance time and both the mean power frequency and the logarithm of the total power of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius lateralis EMGs. The endurance times, the force recovery times after fatigue and the linear relationships between the logarithm of the time elapsing after exhaustion and the MVF reached during the recovery period were also independent of ECS. The results show that class I ECSs are not responsible for greater muscle fatigability; but they do not improve force recovery during rest following static fatiguing voluntary contractions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Human muscle fatigue and elastic compressive stockings

et al. 2006

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“…Therefore, it has been speculated that EC garments can reduce venous stasis at rest and facilitate the venous return to the heart during exercise by increasing the efficacy of the muscle pump (Alimi et al, 1994;Raju et al, 1993). If EC garments improve the peripheral circulation by enhancing muscle pump, muscle fatigue should be reduced by wearing EC garments during fatiguing exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pressure intensity of graduated elastic compression stocking on muscle fatigue following calf-raise exercise

Miyamoto

Hirata

Mitsukawa

et al. 2011

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

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“…This pressure-volume relationship is exclusively calculated for each individual, and the decrease in volume during exercise is converted into a decrease in pressure. This relationship between volume and pressure is not linear [29,32,33] and may therefore explain the poor relationship between results with APG and measurements of ambulatory venous pressure that is sometimes reported [32]. Furthermore, APG measurements are carried out in the standing position, allowing the blood to ' fall ' down the leg into the venous segments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Perhaps the SVPT measures the muscle contraction that induces a venous collapse, pushing the venous blood cranially. Raju et al [33] observed narrowing of the popliteal and tibial veins after calf muscle contraction, using venography. Therefore a good muscle contraction and vein collapse must be possible in order to induce a decrease in pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that both CMD [2,3,5,17,20,31,32] and venous reflux [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] are related to the severity of CVI. Factors that contribute to CMD may include venous obstruction, changes in the venous wall [33] and reduced muscular activity [4]. Whether reflux is an important factor in the pathophysiology of CMD is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Venous reflux has a limited effect on calf muscle pump dysfunction in post-thrombotic patients

et al. 2000

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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between calf muscle pump dysfunction (CMD) and the presence and location of valvular incompetence. Deep vein obstruction might influence CMD, and so venous outflow resistance (VOR) was measured. VOR and calf muscle pump function were measured in 81 patients, 7-13 years after venographically confirmed lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis. The supine venous pump function test (SVPT) measures CMD, and the VOR measures the presence of venous outflow obstructions, both with the use of strain-gauge plethysmography. Valvular incompetence was measured using duplex scanning in 16 vein segments of one leg. Venous reflux was measured in proximal veins using the Valsalva manoeuvre, and in the distal veins by distal manual compression with sudden release. Abnormal proximal venous reflux was defined as a reflux time of more than 1 s, and abnormal distal venous reflux as a reflux time of more than 0.5 s. No statistically significant relationship was found between the SVPT and either the location or the number of vein segments with reflux. Of the 81 patients, only nine still had an abnormally high VOR, and this VOR showed no relationship with the SVPT. In conclusion, venous reflux has a limited effect on CMD, as measured by the SVPT. The presence of a venous outflow obstruction did not significantly influence the SVPT. Duplex scanning and the SVPT are independent complementary tests for evaluating chronic venous insufficiency.

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Observations on the calf venous pump mechanism: Determinants of postexercise pressure

Cited by 55 publications

References 13 publications

Human muscle fatigue and elastic compressive stockings

Human muscle fatigue and elastic compressive stockings

Effect of pressure intensity of graduated elastic compression stocking on muscle fatigue following calf-raise exercise

Venous reflux has a limited effect on calf muscle pump dysfunction in post-thrombotic patients

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