Observations on the Geology of Franz Josef Land

Abstract

It is with great diffidence that I venture to communicate some observations on Franz Josef Land to the Geological Society because active labours in other fields of science have, until recently, prevented me from giving much attention to geology. A residence of three years in Franz Josef Land has, however, given me exceptional opportunities for geological investigation in that little-known region, and I venture, therefore, to hope that the following observations may not be without interest. But, in the first place, I must take this opportunity to express my great indebtedness to Messrs. Newton & Teall for much kindness and most valuable help received by me from them; my thanks are also due to my comrades Messrs. A. B. Armitage, H. Fisher, W. S. Bruce, D. W. Wilton, J. F. Child, and J. W. Heyward, for the valuable information and assistance which they have ungrudgingly afforded me. I. G eneral F eatures of the A rchipelago . On approaching Franz Josef Land the observer is struck by the flat-topped, plateau-like aspect which is well known to be a leading feature of all districts largely composed of horizontal sheets of basaltic rock. Even at a distance of 40 miles the nearly horizontal upper edge of the basalt can be seen in the few exposures of rock which protrude through the widespread mantle of snow and ice. A nearer approach reveals the fact that the exposed headlands and rocky masses are formed of successive, sharplydefined tiers of basalt. The horizontal line of the upper sheet, though

Megaflora of the Australian Triassic–Jurassic: a taxonomic revision

“…Early confusion regarding differentiation of the genera (Seward 1919, Harris 1935 was addressed by Florin (1936), whose diagnostic emendation of Baiera was adopted by Bauer et al (2013). Harris & Millington (1974, p. 4) (Newton & Teall 1897, Koettlitz 1898, Smelror 1986, Dibner 1998, Dypvik et al 1998. Numerous specimens have since been referred to Sphenobaiera from the Permian through Cretaceous with a global distribution (Taylor et al 2009).…”

Dr Reginald Koettlitz (1860–1916): Arctic and Antarctic explorer

“…He also published details of the geology of the area. 14 His specimens were examined later by professional geologists who felt he ‘had accomplished geological work which was among the most important of the results achieved by the expedition’. 15 His contributions to the ornithology of the area before the arrival of a zoologist were also acknowledged.…”

Legacies of the Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, 1894–1897

“…It is probably close to the truth to conclude that he was a major figure in the development of polar medicine. Although his primary responsibility was for the health of the expedition he contributed to geological matters and to biology with a paper on the natural history of the polar bear (Markham 1921;Koettlitz 1898a;Koettlitz 1898b). Jackson's own contribution to scientific advancement can be found in the Appendix to his book: the various reports cover 139 pages out of the total of 940 pages (Jackson 1899).…”