Observations on the gross changes in the secondary lymphoid organs of mice infected with Nematospiroides dubius

Ali, Najah M.H.; Behnke, Jerzy M.

doi:10.1017/s0022149x00025761

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The enlarged adrenal glands, which produce glucocorticoids-hormones released during stressful situations-are indicator of stress experienced by animals (Sapolsky 2005;Tamashiro et al 2005). The size of the spleen and the thymus also reflect current health status-diseased individuals have larger immune defence organs (Ali and Behnke 1985). Moreover, the immune defence organ mass had been found positively correlated with the level of immune response in mice (Cichoń et al 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Is there a relationship between dominance rank and condition in captive male bank voles, Clethrionomys glareolus?

Łopuch

Matuła

2007

acta ethol

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The sexual selection theory predicts that traits associated with male-male competition or female mate choice honestly reflects individual quality when they are costly and condition dependent. Dominance seems to be a reliable signal of male quality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dominance rank, measured in terms of agonistic interactions and trait correlated with dominance, such as preputial gland mass, depends on condition in captive male bank voles. We used five physiological measures to characterize condition: body mass, neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (N/L ratio), spleen mass, thymus mass and adrenal gland mass. Additionally, the condition of males was challenged with a T cell-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells. Dominance rank was not significantly related to body mass, N/L ratio and adrenal gland mass but was positively correlated with immune defence organ mass. Moreover, testes mass was positively related to the N/L ratio. However, after Bonferroni correction, only the relationship between preputial gland mass and thymus mass remained significant. Results of this experiment showed condition dependence of dominance in captive male bank voles.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Is there a relationship between dominance rank and condition in captive male bank voles, Clethrionomys glareolus?

Łopuch

Matuła

2007

acta ethol

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“…Most work on the spleen in both birds and mammals has investigated how it responds to malarial protozoans or to endoparasites such as helminths (e.g. Vincent & Ash 1978;Molyneux et al 1983;Ali & Behnke 1985;Garside et al 1989;Watkins et al 1991;John 1994John , 1995Shutler et al 1999;Morand & Poulin 2000). Even for these parasites, the spleen's specific role in immunological resistance is not well known, especially in birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spleen volume varies with colony size and parasite load in a colonial bird

Brown

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Comparisons across bird species have indicated that those more exposed to parasites and pathogens invest more in immunological defence, as measured by spleen size. We investigated how spleen volume varied with colony size, parasite load and an individual's colony-size history in the cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, a colonial passerine bird of North America. We used a sample of over 1700 birds that had all died during a period of inclement weather in 1996. We experimentally manipulated ectoparasitism by fumigating nests in some colonies prior to the bad weather. Birds from parasite-free colonies had significantly smaller spleens than those from naturally infested sites; spleen volume did not differ between the sexes and did not vary with age. Mean spleen volume increased significantly with the colony size at a site prior to the bad weather in 1996 and at the site in 1995, both measures of colony size being indices of ectoparasitism at a site. An individual's history of breeding-colony size (defined as the average colony size it had occupied in years prior to 1996) had no association with its spleen size. The results are consistent with parasite-induced splenomegaly whenever birds are exposed to large numbers of ectoparasites. The results do not support spleen size as being a signal of differential life-history investment in immunological defence among individuals and thus run counter to interpretations from recent cross-species comparisons.

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“…The gastrointestinal tract of each squirrel was dissected, and the spleen was removed and its mass (g) recorded. Spleen mass was used as a measure of body condition, as enlargement of the spleen can be symptomatic of pathology caused by parasitic infections (Ali and Behnke, 1985;Brown and Brown, 2002). Relative spleen mass (spleen mass/body mass) was used to normalize condition among individuals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Strongyloides Robustus on Parasite-Mediated Competition Between Two Species of Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys)

Krichbaum

Mahan

Steele

et al. 2010

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:There is growing evidence that populations of the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) are declining in the eastern United States, perhaps due to competition with the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans). Potential causes include parasite-mediated or apparent competition from the shared intestinal nematode, Strongyloides robustus, which has been shown to detrimentally affect the northern flying squirrel but not the southern flying squirrel. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a preliminary study on the parasite community of both flying squirrel species from sites in Pennsylvania where the two species occur sympatrically and where G. sabrinus is now considered endangered at the state level. We compared these parasite communities with those from northern flying squirrels from northern New York where the southern flying squirrel is absent. We found eight species of gastrointestinal parasites (Pterygodermatites peromysci, Lemuricola sciuri, Syphacia thompsoni, Syphacia spp., Capillaria spp., Citellinema bifurcatum, Strogyloides robustus, and an unidentifiable cestode species) in both species of flying squirrels examined for our study. The parasite-mediated competition hypothesis was partially supported. For example, in Pennsylvania, S. robustus was overdispersed in southern flying squirrels, such that a small proportion of the hosts carried a large proportion of the worm population. In addition, we found S. robustus to be present in northern flying squirrels when the species were sympatric, but not where southern flying squirrels were absent in New York. However, there was no association between S. robustus and the body condition of flying squirrels. We detected a potential parasite community interaction, as S. robustus abundance was positively associated with P. peromysci.

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Observations on the gross changes in the secondary lymphoid organs of mice infected with Nematospiroides dubius

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Is there a relationship between dominance rank and condition in captive male bank voles, Clethrionomys glareolus?

Is there a relationship between dominance rank and condition in captive male bank voles, Clethrionomys glareolus?

Spleen volume varies with colony size and parasite load in a colonial bird

The Potential Role of Strongyloides Robustus on Parasite-Mediated Competition Between Two Species of Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys)

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