Observations on the Histologic and Pathologic Anatomy of the Hepatic, Cystic, and Common Bile Ducts

Burden, Verne G.

doi:10.1097/00000658-192510010-00005

Cited by 51 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…These structures may correspond to the parietal sacculi and vasa aberantia reported by Henle (1873) and Beale (1889). Similar structures have been termed tubuloalveolar glands or periductal glands (Burden, 1925;McMinn and Kugler, 1961;Spitz and Petropoulos, 1979). Numerous periductal glands are also present in the extrahepatic bile duct (Andrews and Andrews, 1979) and contain mucinous materials secreted into the bile (Chou and Gibson, 1979).…”

Section: Intrahepatic Biliary Tractmentioning

confidence: 96%

Three‐dimensional fine structure of the biliary tract: Scanning electron microscopy of biliary casts

Yamamoto¹,

Itoshima²,

Tsuji³

et al. 1990

J. Elec. Microsc. Tech.

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The three-dimensional structure of the biliary tract was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of biliary casts. The replica of the biliary tract was successfully prepared by retrograde injection of low viscosity resin into the common bile duct. Bile canaliculi are intricate networks in which hexagonal and pentagonal meshworks are interconnected. Each hexagonal or pentagonal meshwork is on a plane, but adjoining meshworks are on different planes. Bile canalicular networks connect with bile ductules at the periphery of the portal tract. The intrahepatic bile duct showed considerable interspecies variation. The human bile duct has plexiform side branches and periductal sacculi, which are most numerous near the liver hilum and fewest in the smaller portal tracts. The hilar plexus and sacculi are present on opposite sides of the bile duct. The plexus formed at the bifurcation of the bile ducts exhibits a plane. Periductal sacculi were also observed in the monkey and pig bile ducts, particularly the latter, while rat bile ducts possess a peculiar portal bile ductular plexus situated between the portal tract and the surrounding liver parenchyma. No such structures were observed in either the dog or rabbit bile ducts. SEM of the biliary casts showed that the biliary tract was not a simple draining tube but had additional structures, such as periductal sacculi and plexiform side branches. These structures, together with the peribiliary vascular plexus, may be implicated in the modification of bile.

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Section: Intrahepatic Biliary Tractmentioning

confidence: 96%

Three‐dimensional fine structure of the biliary tract: Scanning electron microscopy of biliary casts

Yamamoto¹,

Itoshima²,

Tsuji³

et al. 1990

J. Elec. Microsc. Tech.

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“…PBGs are clusters of epithelial cells adjacent to the mucosal lining of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, described in several animal species including mice and humans . PBG cells express a range of proteins, such as mucins, lysozyme, and pancreatic enzymes, which may be relevant to normal bile duct physiology .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of intramural epithelial networks linked to peribiliary glands that express progenitor cell markers and proliferate after injury in mice

et al. 2013

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Peribiliary glands (PBGs) are clusters of epithelial cells residing in the submucosal compartment of extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBDs). While their function is largely undefined, they may represent a stem cell niche. Here, we hypothesized that PBGs are populated by mature and undifferentiated cells capable of proliferation in pathological states. To address this hypothesis, we developed a novel whole-mount immunostaining assay that preserves the anatomical integrity of EHBDs coupled with confocal microscopy, and found that PBGs populate the entire length of the extrahepatic biliary tract, except the gallbladder. Notably, in addition to the typical position of PBGs adjacent to the duct mucosa, PBGs elongate and form intricate intramural epithelial networks that communicate between different segments of the bile duct mucosa. Network formation begins where the cystic duct combines with hepatic ducts to form the common bile duct, and continues along the common bile duct. The cells of PBGs and the peribiliary network stain positively for α-tubulin, mucins, and chromogranin A, as well as for endoderm transcription factors Sox17 and Pdx1, and proliferate robustly following duct injury induced by virus infection and bile duct ligation. Conclusion PBGs form elaborate epithelial networks within the walls of EHBDs, contain cells of mature and immature phenotypes, and proliferate in response to bile duct injury. The anatomical organization of the epithelial network in tubules and the link with PBGs support an expanded cellular reservoir with the potential to restore the integrity and function of the bile duct mucosa in diseased states.

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“…A vicious cycle exists between the presence of intrahepatic calculi and chronic proliferative cholangitis . In the later stages of inflammation, a stricture of the duct may occur when inflammation and fibrosis are localized within a short segment of the duct . An increase in connective tissues causes the wall of the duct to thicken and to show signs of fibrosis, proliferation of mucous and serous glands, and inflammatory cell infiltration at the wall and the periductal tissue .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choledochoscopic high‐frequency needle‐knife electrotomy as an effective treatment for intrahepatic biliary strictures

Yang

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2015

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Observations on the Histologic and Pathologic Anatomy of the Hepatic, Cystic, and Common Bile Ducts

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Three‐dimensional fine structure of the biliary tract: Scanning electron microscopy of biliary casts

Three‐dimensional fine structure of the biliary tract: Scanning electron microscopy of biliary casts

Identification of intramural epithelial networks linked to peribiliary glands that express progenitor cell markers and proliferate after injury in mice

Choledochoscopic high‐frequency needle‐knife electrotomy as an effective treatment for intrahepatic biliary strictures

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