Observations on the iodine-containing compounds of the thyroid gland. Isolation of <i>dl</i>-3:5-di-iodotyrosine

Harington, C. R.; Randall, Sydney Stewart

doi:10.1042/bj0230373

Cited by 86 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Diiodotyrosine is a suspect since it has been demonstrated that this compound is not entirely removed from serum proteins in the procedure for the determination of SPI (16). Monoiodotyrosine and other organic compounds containing iodine may have similar affinities for the proteins (15,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butanol-Extractable Iodine of Serum 1

Man¹,

Kydd²,

Peters³

1951

J. Clin. Invest.

129

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butanol-Extractable Iodine of Serum 1

Man¹,

Kydd²,

Peters³

1951

J. Clin. Invest.

129

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“…The difference may be partially explained by the fact that the thyroxine present in the gland is the more active isomer 1-thyroxine(36), but since 50 p.c. or more of the iodine in normal glands is present in the form of diiodotyrosine (37) the activity of the iodine in thyreoglobulin might have been expected to be only about half that of the iodine in 1-thyroxine. Therefore, since equal doses of iodine in these two forms were found to produce about equivalent effects, the effectiveness of thyroxine did appear to be slightly increased by its combination with other chemical groups in thyreoglobulin.…”

Section: Thyroxine Etc On Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative observations on thyroxine and allied substances

Gaddum¹

1930

The Journal of Physiology

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IT was thought desirable to amplify by other methods the results obtained with tadpoles(1) in the study of the effects of natural and synthetic thyroxine and of various intermediate and related compounds prepared by Dr C. R. Harington. For this purpose it was decided to measure their action in increasing the gaseous metabolism of mammals.In the early investigations of the effects of thyroid preparations, an account of which will be found in Grafe's monograph(2), no attempt was made to obtain quantitative results. Thyroxine was first isolated by Kendall(3) in 1914, and was found to produce on injection all the known effects of thyroid preparations. This discovery was followed by various attempts to devise a reliable method of measuring thyroid activity. Plummer and Boothby(4) studied the effect of thyroxine on the basal metabolism of 69 cases of myxcedema and came to the conclusion that each milligramme of thyroxine would produce a maximal increase of 2X8 p.c. of the normal rate and that this maximuim occurred about 8 days after the injection. The "average variation" from this figure was only 25 p.c., and the relation appears to hold for all doses between 5 and 15 mg.Various German writers, using smaller doses, observed comparatively larger effects, after the injection of thyroxine, which developed and passed away in a couple of days (5).For many purposes, and in particular for the study of substances with unknown properties, it is desirable to make experiments with animals other than man. Unfortunately, the work that has been done in this direction has not hitherto given such clear results as those obtained by Plummer and Boothby.Meta Kunde (6) has published an account of a careful investigation of the effect of thyroid preparations on dogs. She comes to the conclusion 252

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“…It is known that the organic iodine of whole thyroid gland is found partly in the form of thyroxin and partly in the form of diiodotyrosin (2). It has been shown by Thompson (3) and others (4) that diiodotyrosin exerts no calorigenic action in human myxedema even when given in very large doses.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Rôle of Thyroxin Iodine and Total Organic Iodine in the Calorigenic Action of Whole Thyroid Gland

Means¹,

Jacob²,

Salter³

1933

J. Clin. Invest.

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In a previous communication (1) we have shown that thyroxin polypeptide has a calorigenic action identical to that of pure racemic thyroxin when the two are given, intravenously, in doses containing equal quantities of iodine. It was further shown that thyroxin polypeptide is as active when taken by mouth as when given intravenously. These facts can be taken advantage of for the further study of thyroid physiology. The present paper deals with the calorigenic activity of certain brands of whole thyroid gland, the calorigenic action of thyroxin polypeptide being used as a basis of comparison. The ultimate object is not to study the pharmacology of these drugs per se but to discover in what form the natural hormone circulates and is effective.It is known that the organic iodine of whole thyroid gland is found partly in the form of thyroxin and partly in the form of diiodotyrosin (2). It has been shown by Thompson (3) and others (4) that diiodotyrosin exerts no calorigenic action in human myxedema even when given in very large doses. One would suppose therefore that the calorigenic action of whole thyroid would be determined by its thyroxin iodine rather than by its total organic iodine content. The data here presented prove that this supposition is incorrect.Three patients with full-blown, untreated, spontaneous myxedema were given, daily, 15 grains (1.0 gram) of a lot of Armour and Company's thyroid, which had been found by analysis, according to Harington and Randall's method (5), to contain 0.05 per cent of thyroxin or so-called active iodine (the acid insoluble fraction) and 0.22 per cent of total organic iodine.' The dosage of thyroid chosen contained 0.49 mgm. of thyroxin 1 At the outset of this investigation we were forced, in selecting our analytical method, to choose between the procedure of Harington and Randall (5) and of Leland and Foster (7). The latter method involves a twenty-four-hour alkaline hydrolysis, and gives lower values for thyroxin content. W. W. Palmer and co-workers (8) have recently published data which indicate that the lower figures may be more accurate.In view of the comparative newness of both procedures, it seemed to us 683

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Observations on the iodine-containing compounds of the thyroid gland. Isolation of dl-3:5-di-iodotyrosine

Cited by 86 publications

References 3 publications

Butanol-Extractable Iodine of Serum 1

Butanol-Extractable Iodine of Serum 1

Quantitative observations on thyroxine and allied substances

The Rôle of Thyroxin Iodine and Total Organic Iodine in the Calorigenic Action of Whole Thyroid Gland

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