Observations on the Larval and Pupal Stages Op Agriotes Obscubus, Linnaeus.

Ford, George H.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1917.tb05872.x

Cited by 27 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…1). Payne (1916), Ford (1917) and Dempster, Eichards & Waloff (1959) considered the adult predacious, but Roebuck (1939) reported it as feeding on the roots of sugar-beet. The flesh of strawberry fruits was readily consumed, but as populations in strawberry beds were low in 1958 and 1959 (Table V) this species is considered of minor importance as a pest.…”

Section: Feronia Madida Adultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of some ground beetles (Col., Carabidae) injurious to strawberries

Briggs

1965

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Work at East Malling, Kent, between 1952 and 1963 on the biology of Harpalus rufipes (Deg.) (Carabidae), the strawberry seed beetle, is described in detail, and briefer notes are given on the life-histories of H. aeneus (F.), Feronia melanaria (Ill.) and F. madida (F.), which are less abundant but may also damage strawberries. Soil samples for larvae were washed over suitable sieves, those for pupae and adults were carefully searched in the field. Soil sampling showed that adults of H. rufipes colonised strawberry fields only during the fruiting period, weedy arable land and grassy situations being preferred at other times. By soil sampling, it was found that larvae of H. rufipes hatched from eggs laid in weedy soil in late summer, and evidence from pitfall trapping showed that the first two instars were sometimes active on the soil surface from August to December, before penetrating to a depth of 6–18 in. to overwinter. Development was resumed in April, but the larvae remained and the pupae were subsequently found at the overwinter depth in the soil, the larvae presumably feeding on the seed of fat hen (Chenopodium album) lodged in worm burrows. Third-instar larvae occurred from April to July, and adults emerged soon after. In the laboratory, adults lived for a further two years, hibernating in winter, and becoming active and breeding each summer. Laboratory observations on oviposition periods, fecundity and feeding were also made. Larvae, which in the field were mostly found associated with plants of fat hen, fed on germinating seeds of several plants in the laboratory but growth was most rapid when they were reared on the germinating seed of fat hen.The life-cycles and habits of the three other species are briefly described and compared with those of H. rufipes, the seasonal occurrence of the different stages in the life-cycles of all species being shown in a table.

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Section: Feronia Madida Adultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of some ground beetles (Col., Carabidae) injurious to strawberries

Briggs

1965

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…The eight growth stages contained 156,188,193,160,216,73,44, and 9 larvae respectively, or 15-02,18-09,18-58,15-39, 20-79, 7-02, 4-24, and 0-85 per cent, of the population. Some accounts of the life-history of wireworms claim that the larvae ecdyse twice each year (Balachowsky & Mesnil, 1935 ;Rymer Roberts, 1919 ;Subklew, 1934), although this is not universally accepted (Ford, 1917 ;Evans & Gough, 1942). If it is true that two moults occur each year, then larvae in their first and second growth stages would be in their first year, those in the third and fourth growth stages in thensecond year, and so on.…”

Section: Further Analysis Of August Square Yard Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method of distinguishing the larval Stages ofAgriotes sputator(L.) (Col., Elaterid.)

Basden

1950

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Little was known about the composition of wireworm populations until Salt and Hollick (1944) published an account of the complete wireworm populations of soil samples from pasture. Their paper showed for the first time the great preponderance of small larvae in any wireworm population from old grassland. It also pointed out that there is " in general, a very marked correlation between the length of the larvae and their numbers-there are many larvae in the smaller size-groups, and progressively decreasing numbers of the larger sizes ".The question at once arises : In such a wireworm population what is the relation between the size of the larvae and their age ? It is known that the larval life extends over a period of about four years, but apart from the fact that in general the smallest larvae are the youngest, and the largest are the oldest, it is impossible to say what proportion of the larvae in a population is in the first, second, third or fourth year of their life. If the population could be accurately divided into year-groups, or into instars, it would be possible to trace the incidence of favourable or unfavourable factors. For instance, a population containing an especially high proportion of larvae in the second year-group would point to especially favourable conditions for oviposition two years previously, and for survival since.The primary object of the present investigation was to discover a means of distinguishing with certainty the different instars of wireworms as the first step in the analysis of larval populations with respect to age and time. Material.The investigations were confined to Agriotes sputator (L.) from Cambridgeshire and, for the greater part of the work, it was desirable to study a large homogeneous collection of larvae. Such a collection was obtained from a soil sample, of area 1 yard sq. and depth 6 ins., taken from permanent grassland in August 1942. This yielded 1,039 wireworms.The larvae from a second sample were examined to corroborate the data obtained from this collection. This sample, from an area 1 foot sq. and 18 ins. deep, was from, the same field but had been taken in February 1942. The larvae were extracted from the soil samples by the method described by Salt and Hollick (1944). They were preserved in 70 per cent, alcohol.A number of cast skins from larvae reared individually in tubes in the laboratory was also available. Some of these larvae were known to have pupated.The character used to distinguish A. sputator larvae from other species present in the August collection was that given by Gueniat (1934), that is the punctation on the cushion on which the legs are borne. This character was easily seen on the large larvae using a 12-5 ocular and a 6-8 objective, but not on the small specimens ; all but three of a total of 755 large larvae examined proved to be sputator. The rest of the collection were all less than 4-8 mm. in length. It would have necessitated mounting each specimen in glycerine and using a much higher magnification to have determined the species in ea...

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“…These pits, originally supposed to be spiracles, are now usually referred to as " muscular impressions," e.g. by Ford (11) and Henriksen (15), but are believed to be sensory organs and are here referred to as "sensory pits. "…”

Section: Definition Of the Word "Wireworm"mentioning

confidence: 99%

ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF “WIRE WORMS” OF THE GENUS AGRIOTES, ESCH., WITH SOME NOTES ON THAT OF ATHOUS HAEMORRHOIDALIS, F.: PART I

Roberts

1919

Annals of Applied Biology

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Observations on the Larval and Pupal Stages Op Agriotes Obscubus, Linnaeus.

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Biology of some ground beetles (Col., Carabidae) injurious to strawberries

Biology of some ground beetles (Col., Carabidae) injurious to strawberries

A Method of distinguishing the larval Stages ofAgriotes sputator(L.) (Col., Elaterid.)

ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF “WIRE WORMS” OF THE GENUS AGRIOTES, ESCH., WITH SOME NOTES ON THAT OF ATHOUS HAEMORRHOIDALIS, F.: PART I

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