Observations on the seasonal abundance ofIcerya purchasi onAcacia baileyana in Adelaide, South Australia

Prasad, Yugal K.

doi:10.1007/bf02372980

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Gueriniella serratulae ). Species in this tribe can have one to three generations annually (Vayssière, 1926; Morrison, 1928; Prasad, 1992). The number of generations per year, as well as information about the sexual systems and chromosomal complement of iceryines and other monophlebid species, is summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular data reveal convergent reproductive strategies in iceryine scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae), allowing the re‐interpretation of morphology and a revised generic classification

Unruh

Gullan

2007

Systematic Entomology

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The scale insect tribe Iceryini (Coccoidea: Monophlebidae) is a group of relatively large and polyphagous insects found worldwide. Currently, the tribe contains about 80 named species placed in seven genera, which are diagnosed largely on features associated with egg protection. We reconstruct the phylogeny of the Iceryini on the basis of nucleotide sequence data from nuclear ribosomal (18S and D2, D3 and D10 regions of 28S) and protein‐coding (histone H3) gene regions of 40 iceryine species representing six of the seven genera and seven outgroup taxa, mostly from two other tribes of Monophlebidae. Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses recover a monophyletic tribe and clades that correspond more to geography than to the existing morphology‐based classification. Gueriniella Fernald is sister to the rest of the Iceryini and the genera Crypticerya Cockerell, Icerya Signoret and Steatococcus Ferris are not monophyletic. Our data imply that the distinctive iceryine reproductive strategies, such as protecting eggs in a waxy ovisac or inside a marsupium, are poor indicators of relationships. On the basis of molecular relationships and the re‐examination of morphological characters, we recognize only five genera of Iceryini –Crypticerya, Echinicerya Morrison, Gigantococcus Pesson & Bielenin, Gueriniella and Icerya – and substantially revise the generic concepts of Crypticerya, Gigantococcus and Icerya. We provide a key to the genera based on adult females. We redescribe and illustrate the adult female and first‐instar nymph of the type species Crypticerya rosae (Riley & Howard), Echinicerya anomala Morrison, Gigantococcus maximus (Newstead) (adult female only), Gueriniella serratulae (Fabricius) and Icerya seychellarum (Westwood). We recognize Auloicerya Morrison as a junior synonym (syn.n.) of Icerya, and transfer the two Auloicerya species to Icerya as I. acaciae (Morrison & Morrison) comb.n. and I. australis Maskell comb.rev. We recognize Steatococcus and Proticerya Cockerell as junior synonyms (syn.n.) of Crypticerya. From Steatococcus, we transfer five species to Crypticerya [C. mexicana Cockerell & Parrott comb.rev., C. morrilli (Cockerell) comb.n., C. tabernicola (Ferris) comb.n., C. townsendi Cockerell comb.rev., C. tuberculata (Morrison) comb.n.], four species to Gigantococcus [Gi. euphorbiae (Brain) comb.n., Gi. gowdeyi (Newstead) comb.n., Gi. madagascariensis (Mamet) comb.n., Gi. theobromae (Newstead) comb.n.] and three species to Icerya [I. assamensis (Rao) comb.n., I nudata Maskell comb.rev., I. samaraia (Morrison) comb.n.]. From Icerya, we transfer 14 species to Crypticerya [C. brasiliensis (Hempel) comb.n., C. colimensis (Cockerell) comb.n., C. flava (Hempel) comb.n., C. flocculosa (Hempel) comb.n., C. genistae (Hempel) comb.n., C. littoralis (Cockerell) comb.n., C. luederwaldti (Hempel) comb.n., C. minima (Morrison) comb.n., C. montserratensis (Riley & Howard) comb.n., C. palmeri (Riley & Howard) comb.n., C. rileyi (Cockerell) comb.n., C. similis (Morrison) comb.n., C. subandina (Leonardi) comb...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular data reveal convergent reproductive strategies in iceryine scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae), allowing the re‐interpretation of morphology and a revised generic classification

Unruh

Gullan

2007

Systematic Entomology

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“…The first 50 cm of each branch, the part of the branch where most scale insects are typically located (Prasad 1992), was marked. Cylindrical cages (50 cm in diameter and 80 cm in length) were used to cover the control branches.…”

Section: Predator Exclusion Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the effects of Rodolia cardinalis on Icerya purchasi populations on the Galapagos Islands

et al. 2011

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Biological control of aphids and coccids: a comparative analysis

Hirose

2006

Population Ecology

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A comparison of the biological control of aphids and coccids was carried out by analyzing success rates for the three major types of biological control, i.e., classical, augmentative, and conservational. Because of the higher intrinsic rates of increase for aphids versus coccids, the working hypothesis that biological control of aphids is less successful compared to coccids was adopted. However, this hypothesis was not supported by an analysis of classical biological control using the BIOCAT database. In this analysis, parasitoids were more successful than predators when used against either aphids or coccids, but the control of Icerya spp. with Rodolia spp. (predators) was highly successful. Some reasons for success of Rodolia spp. are adduced, but field studies on the long‐term population dynamics of Icerya–Rodolia systems are needed for determining the mechanisms of regulation. Comparative analyses of augmentative and conservational biological control of aphids and coccids were inconclusive, due to lack of adequate databases; some possible factors involved in the success of these types of biological control are discussed. It is suggested that parasitoids could be better control agents than predators in augmentative biological control of aphids in production greenhouses. Conservational biological control of either aphids or coccids should be aimed at enhancing populations of indigenous natural enemies, especially mobile generalist predators that are capable of keeping pace with mobile pests.

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Observations on the seasonal abundance ofIcerya purchasi onAcacia baileyana in Adelaide, South Australia

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Molecular data reveal convergent reproductive strategies in iceryine scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae), allowing the re‐interpretation of morphology and a revised generic classification

Molecular data reveal convergent reproductive strategies in iceryine scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae), allowing the re‐interpretation of morphology and a revised generic classification

Monitoring the effects of Rodolia cardinalis on Icerya purchasi populations on the Galapagos Islands

Biological control of aphids and coccids: a comparative analysis

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