Observations on the Use of Chromic Oxide for Estimating the Fecal Output of Dairy Animals

Hardison, W.A.; Linkous, W. N.; Engel, R. W.; Graf, G.C.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(59)90571-5

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Therefore, three days appears to be the minimum required for the level of Cr 2 0 3 to stabilize in the feces. In agreement with these results Hardison et al (1959) also found three days to be the minimum duration of a preparation period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Efecto del número de bolos y hora en que se suministran sobre el patrón de excreción de oxido crómico en rumiantes

Casas¹,

Cianzio²,

Arroyo-Aguilú³

1999

JAUPR

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A study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of administering one bolus of 15 g of chromium oxide (Cr203) at 8 am or 4 pm versus two boluses of 7.5 g each at 8 am and 4 pm. The daily excretion pattern of Cr2O3 was determined to estimate the best time of day to take rectal fecal samples from each animal. Twelve Holstein and Brown Swiss heifers of 282.5 kg mean live weight were used in a complete randomized design. The animals grazed a mixture of improved tropical grass pastures during the entire trial. There were no significant differences among treatments. Neither the number of boluses (one vs. two) nor the time of administration (8 am and/or 4 pm) had a significant effect upon the total mean concentration of Cr2O3 in dry feces (mg/g), collected twice per day (8 am and 4 pm) for seven days. Higher simple correlation coefficients (P < 0.01) were obtained between the total fecal Cr2O3 average concentration on the 4th day and the mean concentration from two fecal samples collected at different hour-combinations. The more reliable morning and afternoon hour combinations for sampling feces were 8 am and 6 pm (r = 0 .94) and 10 am and 6 pm (r = 0.92). Three days was found to be the minimum time required for the stabilization of the Cr2O3 concentration in dry feces.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Efecto del número de bolos y hora en que se suministran sobre el patrón de excreción de oxido crómico en rumiantes

Casas¹,

Cianzio²,

Arroyo-Aguilú³

1999

JAUPR

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“…Valores contrários foram relatados por Hardison et al (1959), observando que os animais que consumiram dietas à base de alfafa, com concentrações mais elevadas em fibra, apresentaram concentração mais baixa de óxido crômico nas fezes, em relação aos animais que consumiram as partes mais digestíveis da alfafa.…”

Section: Figure 2 -Dry Matter Intake Of Elephantgrass Of Lactating Counclassified

Estimativas de consumo do capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum), fornecido picado para vacas lactantes utilizando a técnica do óxido crômico

et al. 2004

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RESUMO -O consumo de matéria seca (CMS) de vacas mestiças Holandês-Zebu, fistuladas no rúmen, em lactação, foi medido pela diferença de peso do alimento oferecido e das sobras e estimado com auxílio do óxido crômico (Cr 2 O 3 ) pela produção fecal (PF) e indigestibilidade do alimento. O delineamento experimental foi em três quadrados latinos (3x3) e os tratamentos consistiram de capimelefante cortado nas idades de 30, 45 e 60 dias. A digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) foi determinada nas amostras do capimelefante e estimada a partir do consumo medido diretamente e pela produção fecal obtida com o Cr 2 O 3 . A produção fecal foi também calculada (PFc) a partir dos valores do consumo (direto) e da DIVMS e foi estimada pela relação do indicador administrado/indicador excretado. Foram observadas diferenças entre os CMS obtidos nas três idades de corte do capim-elefante pelos dois métodos avaliados. Os CMS médios obtidos pelo método direto foram de 8,00; 10,00 e 11,02 kg/vaca/dia, respectivamente, para o capim cortado com 30, 45 e 60 dias. Os CMS estimados com auxílio do Cr 2 O 3 foram de 9,00; 11,10 e 12,00 kg/vaca/dia, para os mesmos tratamentos. As estimativas de consumo utilizando o Cr 2 O 3 foram superestimadas em 9,25% em relação aos resultados obtidos pelo método direto.Palavras-chave: capim-elefante, consumo, digestibilidade, óxido crômico Chromium Oxide Technique for Intake Estimates of Chopped Elephantgrass (Pennisetum Purpureum Schum.) Using Lactating CowsABSTRACT -Dry matter intake (DMI) of nine Holstein x Zebu lactating fistulated cows was measured through difference of offered and refuse feed weight and estimated with aid of the chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) for the fecal production (FO) and indigestible of the grass. The experiment was in a three Latin Squares design (3x3) and treatments constituted the supply of elephantgrass with 30, 45 and 60 days of growth. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was determined in the samples of the elephantgrass and estimated directly from the measured intake and the fecal production (PF) obtained with the Cr 2 O 3 . Fecal production was also calculated (FPc) from the values of the intake (direct method) and IVDMD, as well as it was estimated by the administrated marker /excreted marker relation. Significant differences were observed among DMI obtained in the three elephantgrass growing ages by the two appraised methods. The average DMI obtained by the direct method were 8.00; 10.00 and 11.02 kg/cow/day, respectively, for the grass with 30, 45 and 60 days of growth. DMI esteemed with aid of the Cr 2 O 3 were of 9.00; 11.10 and 12.00 kg/cow/day for the same treatments. The DMI estimates using the Cr 2 O 3 was overestimated in 9.25% in relation to the results obtained by the direct method.

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“…More specifically, more digestible feeds are better options for heifer raisers because they allow the heifers to obtain more nutrients from the same amount of feed, potentially allowing the animal to grow more quickly and enter lactation at an earlier age. Diet digestibility can be determined using chromic oxide techniques in short-term digestion trials (McGuire, Bradley, & Little, 1966;Hardison, Linkous, Engel, & Graf, 1959). Chromic oxide is not readily absorbed by the animal, so the concentration of chromic oxide in the feed will be proportional to the concentration in the feces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Nutritional Needs: Digestibility of Dry and Ensiled Forages when Feeding Young Dairy Heifers

Nigaglioni¹

2012

JPUR

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is a junior in the School of Agriculture majoring in animal sciences (concentration: preveterinary medicine). Nigaglioni's research began as a requirement for her Food, Environmental, Engineering, and Life Sciences (FEELS) grant in fall 2010. Her research on digestibility when feeding dry or ensiled forages to young dairy heifers involves working in the field and in the lab analyzing data. Nigaglioni is active in the Puerto Rican Student Association board, is a member of the National Society of Leadership and Success, and is a participant in the Leadership Certificate Program. After graduation, Nigaglioni plans to attend veterinary school, focusing on small, avian, and exotic animals.

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Observations on the Use of Chromic Oxide for Estimating the Fecal Output of Dairy Animals

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Efecto del número de bolos y hora en que se suministran sobre el patrón de excreción de oxido crómico en rumiantes

Efecto del número de bolos y hora en que se suministran sobre el patrón de excreción de oxido crómico en rumiantes

Estimativas de consumo do capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum), fornecido picado para vacas lactantes utilizando a técnica do óxido crômico

Bovine Nutritional Needs: Digestibility of Dry and Ensiled Forages when Feeding Young Dairy Heifers

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