Observed deformation characteristics of a deep excavation for the spring area in Jinan, China

Sequential Measurement and Analysis of Large Underground Retaining Structures by Diaphragm Wall Anchor for the Spring Area

“…ese field data fall in the range of δ v,max � (0.5-0.6) δ h,max as suggested by Mana and Clough [44] and are smaller than those of Wallace et al [45]. e other excavation is supported by bored piles in Jinan as suggested by Zhang et al [16]. According to Figure 15(b), the field data for the other excavation fall on the line δ v,max � δ h,max , which is greater than this study.…”

“…Meanwhile, the supporting structures and adjacent facilities security are a challenge due to deep excavations construction. erefore, field monitoring of structure deformations and ground movements plays a vital role in excavation process [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Based on the reported field monitoring data, empirical and semiempirical methods have been identified as an appropriate approaches for the prediction of the excavation deformations [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Research on Deformation Law of Deep Foundation Pit of Station in Core Region of Saturated Soft Loess Based on Monitoring

“…In recent years, many scholars have analyzed the monitoring of different types of deep foundation pits in loess and soft soil areas. Clough, Long, Moormann C, and others carried out a classification study on the deformation of different foundation pits around the world and obtained the deformation law of foundation pits during construction [9][10][11]; Mei and Yang analyzed the deformation characteristics and influencing factors of foundation pits in Xi'an, Shanghai, Ningbo, Hangzhou, and other regions, respectively [12][13][14]; Zhou Yong, Ren Jianxi, Liu, Zhi, Li Zhe, Eibaz, and Wang Guohui studied and analyzed the monitoring data of pile displacement, surface settlement outside the pit, supporting axial force, and groundwater level during the excavation of the foundation pit [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]; Xu Jian and Zhang, respectively, compared numerical simulation and monitoring data of foundation pit excavation to analyze the deformation characteristics of foundation pit [22,23]; Zhang and Di studied the influence of the enclosure structure on ground settlement [24,25]; Farzi et al [26] conducted a systematic survey of the complex geotechnical characteristics of Ahwaz, and the displacement value during construction and excavation was checked and evaluated; Wang et al [27] analyzed the influence of soil structural changes on the horizontal displacement of the retaining structure wall, ground settlement, and adjacent subway tunnels during the excavation of the foundation pit; and Liu et al [28] analyzed the influence mechanism of rainfall on the deformation of the soft soil foundation pit support structure.…”

Ambient Noise Tomography of Jinan: The Migration of Groundwater and the Formation of Geothermal Water

“…The terrain is high in the south and low in the north: the altitude of the southern mountainous area is about 100-500 m, the altitude of the central tilted plain is about 20-100 m and the altitude on the northern alluvial plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is below 20 m.Jinan is famous as the Spring City, with many famous springs being located in the urban region. On the one hand, these springs are important scenic spots and attract many tourists, but on the other, these springs are also disruptive factors in city construction (Zhang et al, 2017). Springs are associated with abundant groundwater and in Jinan, the groundwater has caused some troubles in the construction of underground transportation (Yang et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2018a).…”

“…Jinan is famous as the Spring City, with many famous springs being located in the urban region. On the one hand, these springs are important scenic spots and attract many tourists, but on the other, these springs are also disruptive factors in city construction (Zhang et al, 2017). Springs are associated with abundant groundwater and in Jinan, the groundwater has caused some troubles in the construction of underground transportation (Yang et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2018a).…”