2020
DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-19-0998.1
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Observed Temperature Changes in the Troposphere and Stratosphere from 1979 to 2018

Abstract: Temperature observations of the upper-air atmosphere are now available for more than 40 years from both ground- and satellite-based observing systems. Recent years have seen substantial improvements in reducing long-standing discrepancies among data sets through major reprocessing efforts. The advent of radio occultation (RO) observations in 2001 has led to further improvements in vertically-resolved temperature measurements, enabling a detailed analysis of upper troposphere/lower stratosphere trends. This pap… Show more

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Cited by 89 publications
(91 citation statements)
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References 144 publications
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“…Steiner et al. (2020b) estimated tropically averaged (20°S–20°N) UT temperature trends, which are in excellent agreement with our analysis. They reported 0.30 ± 0.11 to 0.38 ± 0.15 K/decade at 9–14 km, using Radio Occultation Meteorology Satellite Application Facility (ROM SAF), UCAR, and Wegner Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC) RO databases from 2002 to 2018.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
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“…Steiner et al. (2020b) estimated tropically averaged (20°S–20°N) UT temperature trends, which are in excellent agreement with our analysis. They reported 0.30 ± 0.11 to 0.38 ± 0.15 K/decade at 9–14 km, using Radio Occultation Meteorology Satellite Application Facility (ROM SAF), UCAR, and Wegner Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC) RO databases from 2002 to 2018.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Steiner et al. (2020b) used HadCRUTv4.6 surface temperature trends to quantify the vertical structure of the UT amplification (2.5 and 3.0 in the 9–12 km altitude range) in the 2002–2018 period at 20°S–20°N. Their results are in excellent agreement with the JPL Obs4MIPs RO‐derived UT amplification (2.88–3.45, when using the HadCRUTv4.6 surface temperature trend) (see Figure 3).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…8). Concurrently, acceleration of sea-level rise (WCRP, 2018;Legelais et al, 2020), accelerated surface warming, record temperatures and sea ice loss in the Arctic (Richter-Menge et al, 2019;WMO, 2020;Blunden and Arndt, 2020) and ice loss from the Greenland ice sheet (King et al, 2020), and intensification of atmospheric warming near the surface and in the troposphere (Steiner et al, 2020) have been -for example -recently reported. To what degree these changes are intrinsically linked needs further evaluations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While the amount of heat accumulated in the atmosphere is small compared to the ocean, warming of the Earth's nearsurface air and atmosphere aloft is a very prominent effect of climate change, which directly affects society. Atmospheric observations clearly reveal a warming of the troposphere over the last decades (Santer et al, 2017;Steiner et al, 2020) and changes in the seasonal cycle (Santer et al, 2018). Changes in atmospheric circulation (Cohen et al, 2014;Fu et al, 2019) together with thermodynamic changes (Fischer and Knutti, 2016; will lead to more extreme weather events and increase high-impact risks for society (Coumou et al, 2018;Zscheischler et al, 2018).…”
Section: Heat Available To Warm the Atmospherementioning
confidence: 99%
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