Observing as an Essential Facet of Mindfulness: A Comparison of FFMQ Patterns in Meditating and Non-Meditating Individuals

Lilja, Josefine L.; Lundh, Lars‐Gunnar; Josefsson, Torbjörn; Falkenström, Fredrik

doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0111-8

Cited by 131 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Mindfulness training is different from self-focused interventions that involves, analysing, interpreting and explaining what is observed, and can therefore be seen as an enhanced form of self-knowledge because it teaches a person to both pay more attention to one's current experience and at the same time practice non-evaluative observation. This assumption is supported in the work by Lilja, Lundh, Josefsson, & Falkenström (2012) who showed that experienced meditators were over-represented in clusters with higher levels of ability to observe and non-judge/non-react to inner and external experiences in a mindful way, when measuring levels of mindfulness. A majority of the non-meditating individuals, on the other hand, showed low levels of observing and high levels of non-judge/non-react to inner and external experiences (Lilja et al, 2012).…”

Section: Personal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This assumption is supported in the work by Lilja, Lundh, Josefsson, & Falkenström (2012) who showed that experienced meditators were over-represented in clusters with higher levels of ability to observe and non-judge/non-react to inner and external experiences in a mindful way, when measuring levels of mindfulness. A majority of the non-meditating individuals, on the other hand, showed low levels of observing and high levels of non-judge/non-react to inner and external experiences (Lilja et al, 2012). Overall, we argue that these findings support the idea that enhanced self-knowledge, developed by mindfulness training, is an important ingredient in MBCT for relapse prevention.…”

Section: Personal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: Primary Care Patients’ Experiences of Outcomes in Everyday Life and Relapse Prevention

Lilja¹,

Broberg²,

Norlander³

et al. 2015

PSYCH

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The concept of mindfulness has attracted a growing body of research within behavioural medicine over the last decade. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has been developed to prevent relapse among people who suffer recurrent depression. Studies show impressive results, with a decrease in the risk of relapse of up to 50%. However, primary care patients' own experiences and MBCT's effectiveness as a relapse program and aid to their ability to deal with everyday life remain relatively unexplored. The aim of the study, therefore, was to examine how primary care patients with recurrent depression perceive the usefulness of MBCT in preventing relapse. Nineteen patients who had participated in a MBCT program for recurrent depression within a primary care setting were interviewed 12 months after treatment. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify, analyse, and report patterns in the interviews. Analysis suggests two overarching themes, "Strategies for remission" and "Personal development". This study brings new information about what participants in MBCT classes describe as the most useful interventions for relapse prevention. The formal and informal meditation exercises focused on the body and the breath were described as the most important strategies for remission and the mindfulness practice gave the participants an enhanced self-knowledge that helped them to better deal with everyday stress and interpersonal functioning. The findings also indicate that traditional cognitive behavioural interventions, such as behaviour activation and establishing a maintenance plan, might not be as essential to relapse prevention as formerly thought.

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Section: Personal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Personal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 76%

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: Primary Care Patients’ Experiences of Outcomes in Everyday Life and Relapse Prevention

Lilja¹,

Broberg²,

Norlander³

et al. 2015

PSYCH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The FFMQ short form has been shown to have good internal consistency and significant relationships in the predicted directions with a variety of constructs related to mindfulness (Bohlmeijer et al, 2011). However, research shows that there are limitations to the predictive and face validity of the observing and describing scales of the FFMQ, thus for this reason we excluded them (Bergomi, Tschacher, & Kupper, 2013;Christopher, Neuser, Michael, & Baitmangalkar, 2012;Lilja, Lundh, Josefsson, & Falkenstrom, 2013). The sample size to item ratio did not justify analysis of item reliability in this sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

‘I can’t accept that feeling’: Relationships between interoceptive awareness, mindfulness and eating disorder symptoms in females with, and at-risk of an eating disorder

Lattimore

Mead

Irwin

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

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Mindfulness based therapies (MBTs) for eating disorders show potential benefit for outcomes yet evidence is scarce regarding the mechanisms by which they influence remission from symptoms. One way that mindfulness approaches create positive outcomes is through enhancement of emotion regulation skills. Maladaptive emotion regulation is a key psychological feature of all eating disorders. The aim of the current study was to identify facets of emotion regulation involved in the relationship between mindfulness and maladaptive eating behaviours. In three cross-sectional studies, clinical (n=39) and nonclinical (n=137 & 119) female participants completed: 1) the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) eating specific scales (drive-for-thinness and bulimia) and the EDI psychological symptom scales (emotion dysregulation and interoceptive deficits); and 2) mindfulness, impulsivity, and emotion regulation questionnaires. In all samples mindfulness was significantly and inversely associated with EDI eating and psychological symptom scales, and impulsivity. In non-clinical samples interoceptive deficits mediated the relationship between mindfulness and EDI eating specific scales. Non-acceptance of emotional experience, a facet of interoceptive awareness, mediated the relationship between mindfulness and eating specific EDI scores. Further investigations could verify relationships identified so that mindfulness based approaches can be optimised to enhance emotion regulation skills in sufferers, and those at-risk, of eating disorders.

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“…This is a novel finding, and we suggest that it is in accordance with several theoretical formulations and with a number of previous empirical studies that have investigated mindfulness and aesthetic experience separately. Observing is widely regarded as a key feature of mindfulness (Bishop et al, 2004;Lilja, Lundh, Josefsson, & Kalkenstrőm, 2012), and experimental evidence suggests that the Observing facet of trait mindfulness appears to be related in particular to perceptual awareness (Anicha et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Observing Facet of Trait Mindfulness Predicts Frequency of Aesthetic Experiences Evoked by the Arts

Harrison

Clark

2016

Mindfulness

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Conflict of interest:Neil R. Harrison declares that he has no conflict of interest.Dan P.A. Clark declares that he has no conflict of interest.Trait mindfulness predicts frequency of aesthetic experiences 2 Abstract Mindfulness can foster an enhanced sensitivity to internal and external impressions, which could result in heightened subjective responses to works of art. So far though, very little is known about the connection between mindfulness and aesthetic responses to the arts, therefore the current study aimed to investigate whether there was an association between trait mindfulness and how often people report aesthetic experiences. We hypothesized that the Observing facet of mindfulness would positively predict the self-reported frequency of aesthetic experiences (aesthetic chills, feeling touched, and absorption). Participants in an online study (N = 207) completed the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire, an Aesthetic Experiences scale in relation to the area of the arts a participant encountered most frequently in their daily life, and a measure of aesthetic expertise. Controlling for aesthetic expertise and sex, linear regression revealed that the Observing facet of mindfulness was positively associated with aesthetic experience, as predicted. Non-reactivity positively predicted aesthetic experience, while Non-judging was negatively associated with aesthetic experience. Potential explanations for the association between these three facets of trait mindfulness and aesthetic responses are discussed in relation to information-processing models of aesthetic experience. The findings provide preliminary support for the premise that levels of dispositional mindfulness are associated with the frequency of intense emotional responses to the arts, and recommendations for further research studies are outlined.Trait mindfulness predicts frequency of aesthetic experiences 3

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Observing as an Essential Facet of Mindfulness: A Comparison of FFMQ Patterns in Meditating and Non-Meditating Individuals

Cited by 131 publications

References 15 publications

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: Primary Care Patients’ Experiences of Outcomes in Everyday Life and Relapse Prevention

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: Primary Care Patients’ Experiences of Outcomes in Everyday Life and Relapse Prevention

‘I can’t accept that feeling’: Relationships between interoceptive awareness, mindfulness and eating disorder symptoms in females with, and at-risk of an eating disorder

The Observing Facet of Trait Mindfulness Predicts Frequency of Aesthetic Experiences Evoked by the Arts

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