Observing Planktonic Ecosystems: Needs, Capabilities, and a Strategy for the Next Decade

Denman, Kenneth L.; Malone, Tom; Sathyendranath, Shubha; Sieracki, Michael E.; Burghe, E. Vanden

doi:10.5270/oceanobs09.pp.15

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Moving up the food web, optical imaging techniques are being used for near‐real time identification and enumeration of zooplankton in the 0.1‐10 mm size range (Denman et al ., ; Sieracki et al ., ). For larger animals, multi‐frequency, active acoustic observations provide estimates of the distribution and abundance of mid‐trophic zooplankton and small nekton (1‐100 cm size range) that are preyed on by larger pelagic predators.…”

Section: Towards Sustained Real‐time Observations Of Coastal Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Global Ocean Observing System to meet evidence based needs for the ecosystem‐based management of coastal ecosystem services

Malone

DiGiacomo

Gonçalves³

et al. 2014

Natural Resources Forum

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Ecosystem-based approaches (EBAs) to managing anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems, adapting to changes in ecosystem states (indicators of ecosystem health), and mitigating the impacts of state changes on ecosystem services are needed for sustainable development. EBAs are informed by integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs) that must be compiled and updated frequently for EBAs to be effective. Frequently updated IEAs depend on the sustained provision of data and information on pressures, state changes, and impacts of state changes on services. Nowhere is this truer than in the coastal zone, where people and ecosystem services are concentrated and where anthropogenic pressures converge. This study identifies the essential indicator variables required for the sustained provision of frequently updated IEAs, and offers an approach to establishing a global network of coastal observations within the framework of the Global Ocean Observing System. The need for and challenges of capacity-building are highlighted, and examples are given of current programmes that could contribute to the implementation of a coastal ocean observing system of systems on a global scale. This illustrates the need for new approaches to ocean governance that can achieve coordinated integration of existing programmes and technologies as a first step towards this goal.1 Microbial food webs (or microbial loops) dominated by heterotrophic bacteria, archaea and protozoa (e.g., flagellates and ciliates) are fueled by small phytoplankton species (mean spherical diameter < 2-3 μm) whereas metazoan food webs dominated by larger zooplankton (e.g., copepods, pteropods and krill) and nekton (e.g., fish and whales) are supported by larger phytoplankton and by microbial food webs.

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Section: Towards Sustained Real‐time Observations Of Coastal Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Global Ocean Observing System to meet evidence based needs for the ecosystem‐based management of coastal ecosystem services

Malone

DiGiacomo

Gonçalves³

et al. 2014

Natural Resources Forum

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“…The process naturally requires good data about the current state of critical factors and an accurate understanding of how decisions will a¤ect future populations [60], [93]. This is one of the critical areas where ocean sampling and observation enter the picture: obtaining the basic biological and environmental data to inform policy and science.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational imaging and automated identification for aqueous environments

Loomis¹

2011

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Sampling the vast volumes of the ocean requires tools capable of observing from a distance while retaining detail necessary for biology and ecology, ideal for optical methods. Algorithms that work with existing SeaBED AUV imagery are developed, including habitat classi…cation with bag-of-words models and multi-stage boosting for rock…sh detection. Methods for extracting images of …sh from videos of longline operations are demonstrated.A prototype digital holographic imaging device is designed and tested for quantitative in situ microscale imaging. Theory to support the device is developed, including particle noise and the e¤ects of motion. A Wigner-domain model provides optimal settings and optical limits for spherical and planar holographic references.Algorithms to extract the information from real-world digital holograms are created. Focus metrics are discussed, including a novel focus detector using local Zernike moments. Two methods for estimating lateral positions of objects in holograms without reconstruction are presented by extending a summation kernel to spherical references and using a local frequency signature from a Riesz transform. A new metric for quickly estimating object depths without reconstruction is proposed and tested. An example application, quantifying oil droplet size distributions in an underwater plume, demonstrates the e¢ cacy of the prototype and algorithms. Course work at MIT and WHOI was helpful throughout this thesis. In particular, course materials and projects from Dr. Antonio Torralba (computer vision, detection, and boosting), Dr. Frédo Durand (computational imaging, segmentation, and probability), Dr. Rosalind Picard (machine learning, pattern recognition, and probability), Dr. Alan 4 Edelman (parallel computing and algorithms), and Dr. Barbastathis (optical systems) are re ‡ected directly, in several cases extended after the course to become complete sections of this thesis.The MIT Museum has provided unique outreach opportunities for the ideas presented in this thesis. Seth Riskin originally involved our lab in holography activities at the MIT Museum, then Kurt Hasselbalch later proposed and guided the development of an interactive display on plankton holography. The computational approaches I learned for the museum display led to further scienti…c development and spurred the use of GPUs for processing; Section 3.3.5 is a direct consequence, as is the majority of the data processing performed throughout this thesis.In reference to data processing, Matlab/MEX and NVIDIA's CUDA have been daily cornerstones for which I am continually thankful. Finally, mad props go to Dr. José "Pepe" Domínguez-Caballero, the most in ‡uential 5 person in my scienti…c development while at MIT. Pepe taught me digital holography and worked one-on-one with me throughout the beginning of my grad student career. He continued to be involved as a fellow holographer, a mentor, and a friend, discussing ideas, encouraging active experimentation, maintaining a curiosity about optics, and o¤ering eno...

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Observing Planktonic Ecosystems: Needs, Capabilities, and a Strategy for the Next Decade

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Enhancing the Global Ocean Observing System to meet evidence based needs for the ecosystem‐based management of coastal ecosystem services

Enhancing the Global Ocean Observing System to meet evidence based needs for the ecosystem‐based management of coastal ecosystem services

Computational imaging and automated identification for aqueous environments

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