Observing System Simulation Experiments

Masutani, Michiko; Schlatter, Thomas; Errico, Ronald M.; Stoffelen, Ad; Andersson, Erik; Lahoz, W. A.; Woollen, John S.; Emmitt, G. D.; Riishojgaard, L.; Lord, Stephen J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1_24

Cited by 69 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…They indicated that the capability of exploiting urban measurements would strongly improve the monitoring of the city emissions. Kort et al (2013) evaluated (through observing system simulation experiments, which are a common practice in the data assimilation community, as detailed by Masutani et al, 2010) different configurations of surface station networks for monitoring emissions from Los Angeles, and concluded that robust monitoring of megacities requires multiple in-city surface sites (numbering at least eight stations for Los Angeles). employed nearground sites in Salt Lake City, an urban area that is relatively small and topographically confined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the potential of near-ground measurements of CO2 and CH4 in London, UK, for the monitoring of city-scale emissions using an atmospheric transport model

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) mole fractions were measured at four near-ground sites located in and around London during the summer of 2012 with a view to investigating the potential of assimilating such measurements in an atmospheric inversion system for the monitoring of the CO 2 and CH 4 emissions in the London area. These data were analysed and compared with simulations using a modelling framework suited to building an inversion system: a 2 km horizontal resolution south of England configuration of the transport model CHIMERE driven by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) meteorological forcing, coupled to a 1 km horizontal resolution emission inventory (the UK National Atmospheric Emission Inventory). First comparisons reveal that local sources, which cannot be represented in the model at a 2 km resolution, have a large impact on measurements. We evaluate methods to filter out the impact of some of the other critical sources of discrepancies between the measurements and the model simulation except that of the errors in the emission inventory, which we attempt to isolate. Such a separation of the impact of errors in the emission inventory should make it easier to identify the corrections that should be applied to the inventory. Analysis is supported by observations from meteorological sites around the city and a 3-week period of atmospheric mixing layer height estimations from lidar measurements. The difficulties of modelling the mixing layer depth and thus CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations during the night, morning and late afternoon lead to focusing on the afternoon period for all further analyses. The discrepancies between observations and model simulations are high for both CO 2 and CH 4 (i.e. their root mean square (RMS) is between 8 and 12 parts per million (ppm) for CO 2 and between 30 and 55 parts per billion (ppb) for CH 4 at a given site). By analysing the gradients between the urban sites and a suburban or rural reference site, we are able to decrease the impact of uncertainties in the fluxes and transport outside the London area and in the model domain boundary conditions. We are thus able to better focus attention on the signature of London urban CO 2 and CH 4 emissions in the atmospheric CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations. This considerably improves the statistical agreement between the model and observations for CO 2 (with modeldata RMS discrepancies that are between 3 and 7 ppm) and to a lesser degree for CH 4 (with model-data RMS discrepancies that are between 29 and 38 ppb). Between one of the urban sites and either the rural or suburban reference site, selecting the gradients during periods wherein the reference site is upwind of the urban site further decreases the statistics of the discrepancies in general, though not systematically. In a further attempt to focus on the signature of the city anthropogenic emission in the mole fraction measurements, we use a theoretical ratio of gradients of carbon monoxide (CO) to gradients of CO 2 from fossil fuel emiss...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the potential of near-ground measurements of CO2 and CH4 in London, UK, for the monitoring of city-scale emissions using an atmospheric transport model

et al. 2016

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“…OSSE has been used widely in the atmospheric community for 4 decades to design new observation tools, for error assessment in large models and for parameter estimation (Arnold Jr. and Dey, 1986;Masutani et al, 2010). Atlas (1997) summarizes the criteria established by the atmospheric community to perform credible OSSE .…”

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confidence: 99%

OSSE for a sustainable marine observing network in the Sea of Marmara

Aydoğdu

Hoar

Vukićević

et al. 2018

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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Abstract. An observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) is presented in the Sea of Marmara. A highresolution ocean circulation model (FESOM) and an ensemble data assimilation tool (DART) are coupled. The OSSE methodology is used to assess the possible impact of a FerryBox network in the eastern Sea of Marmara. A reference experiment without assimilation is performed. Then, synthetic temperature and salinity observations are assimilated along the track of the ferries in the second experiment. The results suggest that a FerryBox network in the Sea of Marmara has potential to improve the forecasts significantly. The salinity and temperature errors get smaller in the upper layer of the water column. The impact of the assimilation is negligible in the lower layer due to the strong stratification. The circulation in the Sea of Marmara, particularly the Bosphorus outflow, helps to propagate the error reduction towards the western basin where no assimilation is performed. Overall, the proposed FerryBox network can be a good start to designing an optimal sustained marine observing network in the Sea of Marmara for assimilation purposes.

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“…OSSEs have been used for several years to try to measure the impact of proposed instruments before they are launched (e.g. Atlas, 1997;Masutani et al, 2007). OSSEs require an extensive validation and calibration.…”

Section: Assessing the Impact Of Observations And Evaluating Potentiamentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on THORPEX-related research in data assimilation and observing strategies

Rabier

Gauthier

Cardinali

et al. 2008

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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Abstract. The international programme "THORPEX: a World Weather Research Programme" provides a framework in which to tackle the challenge of improving the forecast skill of high-impact weather through international collaboration between academic institutions, operational forecast centres, and users of forecast products. The objectives of the THORPEX Data Assimilation and Observation Strategy Working Group (DAOS-WG) are two-fold. The primary goal is to assess the impact of observations and various targeting methods to provide guidance for observation campaigns and for the configuration of the Global Observing System. The secondary goal is to setup an optimal framework for data assimilation, including aspects such as targeted observations, satellite data, background error covariances and quality control. The Atlantic THORPEX Regional campaign, ATReC, in 2003, has been very successful technically and has provided valuable datasets to test targeting issues. Various data impact experiments have been performed, showing a small but very slightly positive impact of targeted observations. Projects of the DAOS-WG include working on the AMMA field experiment, in the context of IPY and to prepare the future THORPEX-PARC field campaign in the Pacific by comparing sensitivity of the forecasts to observations between several groups.

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Observing System Simulation Experiments

Cited by 69 publications

References 36 publications

Analysis of the potential of near-ground measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> in London, UK, for the monitoring of city-scale emissions using an atmospheric transport model

Analysis of the potential of near-ground measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> in London, UK, for the monitoring of city-scale emissions using an atmospheric transport model

OSSE for a sustainable marine observing network in the Sea of Marmara

An update on THORPEX-related research in data assimilation and observing strategies

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Observing System Simulation Experiments

Cited by 69 publications

References 36 publications

Analysis of the potential of near-ground measurements of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; in London, UK, for the monitoring of city-scale emissions using an atmospheric transport model

Analysis of the potential of near-ground measurements of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; in London, UK, for the monitoring of city-scale emissions using an atmospheric transport model

OSSE for a sustainable marine observing network in the Sea of Marmara

An update on THORPEX-related research in data assimilation and observing strategies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Analysis of the potential of near-ground measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> in London, UK, for the monitoring of city-scale emissions using an atmospheric transport model

Analysis of the potential of near-ground measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> in London, UK, for the monitoring of city-scale emissions using an atmospheric transport model