Obsessive-compulsive disorder and comorbid depression: The role of OCD-related and non-specific factors

Yap, Keong; Mogan, Christopher; Kyrios, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.03.002

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Our initial analyses replicated the independent associations between adult OC symptoms and anger proneness, anger expression styles, depression, anxiety, family cohesion and family adaptability found in prior research (Whiteside and Abramowitz, 2004, 2005; Pens et al, 2012; Yap et al, 2012; Peris and Piacentini, 2013; Gorenstein et al, 2015; Murphy and Flessner, 2015; Nissen et al, 2016; Piacentino et al, 2016; Tellawi et al, 2016). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Due to the correlational links between depression, anxiety and OC symptoms (Yap et al, 2012; Nissen et al, 2016), the inclusion of depressive and anxious symptoms in the moderation regressions provided a particularly stringent test of our models. Of note, even after accounting for current depression and anxiety, the moderating effects of anger suppression and anger proneness remained significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, we also examined current levels of depression and anxiety both because these two factors are commonly associated with OC symptoms and anger proneness and suppression (Radomsky et al, 2007; Breen and Kashdan, 2011; Yap et al, 2012; Nissen et al, 2016) and because depressive and anxious symptoms may bias participants toward more negative responses to other assessments, including inventories of OCD and family circumstance (Waldinger et al, 2006). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping the Paths from Styles of Anger Experience and Expression to Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms: The Moderating Roles of Family Cohesion and Adaptability

2017

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Previous research has shown strong connections of anger experience and expression with obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms. Additionally, studies have demonstrated links between family environment variables and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Our study aims to integrate the perspectives from these two literatures by exploring the moderating roles of family cohesion and family adaptability in the relationship between anger proneness and suppression and OCD symptoms. A total of 2008 college students were recruited from a comprehensive university in Shanghai, China between February and May 2016. The subjects completed self-report inventories, including the Symptom Check List-90, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 (Chinese version), and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale, second edition (Chinese Version). Controlling for age, one-child family status, ethnicity, family income, current depression, and anxiety, our analyses showed that the association between anger proneness and OC symptoms was moderated by family cohesion among men and that family adaptability moderated the connection between anger suppression and OC complaints among women. The findings imply that a more cohesive and empathic family environment may protect male students with high levels of anger proneness from developing OC behaviors or thoughts. The results suggest that for female subjects who are accustomed to suppressing angry feelings, flexible family coping strategies and communication atmospheres would reduce their vulnerability to OC symptoms. The findings are somewhat consistent with those of previous studies on psychotherapy outcomes that showed that OCD patients benefitted from psychotherapeutic interventions that cultivated the clients’ family cohesion and adaptability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping the Paths from Styles of Anger Experience and Expression to Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms: The Moderating Roles of Family Cohesion and Adaptability

2017

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“…Depression symptoms may therefore occur as a reaction to the high levels of anxiety, functional impairment, and suffering associated with a severe chronic and incapacitating condition such as OCD. 37 Our study adds to the existing body of knowledge by revealing important data on the quality of life of adolescents with OCD, but some limitations should be taken into consideration while interpreting results. The fact that we used a population-based sample, on the one hand, is a strength of the study, but on the other it prevents our data from being extrapolated to other populations of outpatients or inpatients, with potentially more severe symptoms and, as a consequence, a poorer quality of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Quality of life in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Vivan

Rodrigues

Wendt

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To compare adolescents with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with regard to quality of life and to investigate the association between quality of life and clinical characteristics. Methods: Participants were recruited from an epidemiological study conducted at high schools in the city of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. The sample comprised 75 adolescents with OCD and 150 without the disorder, aged between 14 and 18 years. Participants were assessed using the following instruments: Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children --Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment --Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depressive Inventory --II (BDI-II). Results: The two groups showed significant differences in relation to depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life (all domains), with a poorer performance among adolescents with OCD when compared to those without the disorder. Stepwise regression analysis revealed a significant association between BDI-II scores and quality of life, in all domains. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that adolescents with OCD, especially those with depression symptoms, have a poorer quality of life when compared with adolescents without OCD.

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“…Similarly, Quarantini et al (2011) found depression was associated with just four of six OC dimensions they investigated. Despite this variability, the high levels of comorbidity found in clinical populations and the moderate to strong inter-correlations between measures of MDD and OCD (van Oppen et al, 1995; Taylor, 1998; Yap et al, 2012) suggest a commonality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yes: The Symptoms of OCD and Depression Are Discrete and Not Exclusively Negative Affectivity

Moore

Howell

2017

Front. Psychol.

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Although Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Depression are classified as separate disorders, the high incidence of co-morbidity and the strong correlations between measures of each has led to debate about the nature of their relationship. Some authors have proposed that OCD is in fact a mood disorder while others have suggested that the two disorders are grounded in negative affectivity. A third proposition is that depression is an essential part of OCD but that OCD is a separate disorder from depression. The aim in this study was to investigate these diverse propositions in a non-clinical sample and also to determine whether factors implicated in each, that is anxious and depressive cognitions, hopelessness, and self-criticism, would demonstrate commonality as predictors of the symptoms of OCD and of depression. Two hundred participants (59% female) (M age = 34 years, SD = 16) completed the Padua Inventory, Carroll Rating Scale, Cognitions Checklist, Self-Criticism Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory-Revised and a Negative Affectivity Schedule. Results indicated a strong correlation between OCD and depression, depression, and negative affectivity but a weaker relationship between OCD and negative affectivity. Path analyses revealed that both anxious and depressive cognitions, as well as hostility predicted both disorders but the Beta-weights were stronger on OCD. Self-criticism predicted only depression while hopelessness failed to predict either disorder but was itself predicted by depressive cognitions. Depression was a stronger indicator of negative affect than OCD and while OCD positively predicted depression, depression was a negative indicator of OCD. These results support the hypothesis that OCD and depression are discrete disorders and indicate that while depression is implicated in OCD, the reverse does not hold. While both disorders are related to negative affectivity, this relationship is much stronger for depression thus failing to confirm that both are subsumed by a common factor, in this case, negative affectivity. The proposition that depression is part of OCD but that OCD is not necessarily implicated in depression and is, in fact, a separate disorder, is supported by the current model. Further research is required to support the utility of the model in clinical samples.

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder and comorbid depression: The role of OCD-related and non-specific factors

Cited by 31 publications

References 72 publications

Mapping the Paths from Styles of Anger Experience and Expression to Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms: The Moderating Roles of Family Cohesion and Adaptability

Mapping the Paths from Styles of Anger Experience and Expression to Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms: The Moderating Roles of Family Cohesion and Adaptability

Quality of life in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Yes: The Symptoms of OCD and Depression Are Discrete and Not Exclusively Negative Affectivity

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