Obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders: a comprehensive survey

Fornaro, Michele; Gabrielli, Filippo; Albano, C.; Fornaro, Stefania; Rizzato, Salvatore; Mattei, Chiara; Solano, Paola; Vinciguerra, Valentina; Fornaro, Pantaleo

doi:10.1186/1744-859x-8-13

Cited by 37 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Repetitive compulsive behaviors involve, washing, seeking, counting, sorting, hoarding and searching (Doron and Moulding, 2009; Goit and Ghimire, 2014; Pauls et al, 2014). Although recently declassified as an anxiety disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2015), many clinicians conceptualize OCD as a spectrum of related disorders (OCRD) sharing common clinical features of anxiety/fear and worry (Stein and Lochner, 2006; Storch et al, 2008; Fornaro et al, 2009). OCRD encompasses a wide range of diseases which includes somatoform (e.g., Hypochondriasis), impulse control (e.g., Trichotillomania, pathological gambling) and tic disorders (e.g., Tourette’s syndrome; Fornaro et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although recently declassified as an anxiety disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2015), many clinicians conceptualize OCD as a spectrum of related disorders (OCRD) sharing common clinical features of anxiety/fear and worry (Stein and Lochner, 2006; Storch et al, 2008; Fornaro et al, 2009). OCRD encompasses a wide range of diseases which includes somatoform (e.g., Hypochondriasis), impulse control (e.g., Trichotillomania, pathological gambling) and tic disorders (e.g., Tourette’s syndrome; Fornaro et al, 2009). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive behavioral therapy or their combination are often used as first line treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attenuation of Compulsive-Like Behavior Through Positive Allosteric Modulation of α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Non-Induced Compulsive-Like Mice

Mitra

Mucha

Khatri

et al. 2017

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Nicotinic α4β2 receptors are the most abundant subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in brain regions implicated in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). These receptors are known to modify normal and addictive behaviors by modulating neuronal excitability. Desformylflustrabromine (dFBr) is a novel, positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of high acetylcholine sensitivity (HS) and low acetylcholine sensitivity (LS) α4β2 nAChRs. The present study tested the hypothesis that positive allosteric modulation of α4β2 receptors by dFBr will attenuate compulsive-like behavior in a non-induced compulsive-like mouse model. Male mice (Mus musculus) selected for compulsive-like nesting behavior (NB; 48 animals; 12 per group) received acute (once) and chronic (every day for 32 days) subcutaneous injection of dFBr at 2, 4 and 6 mg/kg doses. Saline was used as a control (0 mg/kg). Compulsive-like NB was assessed after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 24 h, while compulsive-like marble burying (MB) and anxiety-like open field (OF) behaviors were performed 2 h after dFBr administration. In the acute administration protocol, dFBr dose dependently attenuated NB and MB. Rapid effects (1–2 h after drug administration) of dFBr on MB and NB were observed for the chronic administration which was in congruence with the acute study. Chronic administration also revealed sustained suppression of NB by dFBr following 5 weeks of treatment. In both the acute and chronic regimen dFBr did not modulate OF behaviors. This research demonstrates the novel role of positive allosteric modulation of α4β2 nicotinic receptors by dFBr as a translational potential for OCD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of Compulsive-Like Behavior Through Positive Allosteric Modulation of α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Non-Induced Compulsive-Like Mice

Mitra

Mucha

Khatri

et al. 2017

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Both 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C actions may play a major role in its antiobsessive actions, although 5-HT2A stimulation can induce nausea, especially at higher doses [13], conversely reducing striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission [2]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remarkably, PI-OCD often requires higher therapeutic doses of serotonergic drugs, even beyond in-label ranges, than classical OCD, frequently requiring augmentation strategies with antipsychotic drugs [2]. Consequently, the high postsynaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor type 2A (5-HT2A) stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract due to a consistent dose of the serotonergic drug can lead to impairing side effects, including nausea [3], which may in turn account for some of the cases of discontinuation of treatment [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor type 3 antagonists may reduce drug-induced nausea in poor insight obsessive-compulsive patients taking off-label doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a 52-week follow-up case report

Fornaro¹,

Martino²

2010

Ann Gen Psychiatry

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Poor-insight obsessive-compulsive disorder (PI-OCD) is a severe form of OCD where the 'typically obsessive' features of intrusive, 'egodystonic' feelings and thoughts are absent. PI-OCD is difficult to treat, often requiring very high doses of serotonergic drugs as well as antipsychotic augmentation. When this occurs, unpleasant side effects as nausea are common, eventually further reducing compliance to medication and increasing the need for pharmacological alternatives. We present the case of a PI-OCD patient who developed severe nausea after response to off-label doses of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine. Drug choices are discussed, providing pharmacodynamic rationales and hypotheses along with reports of rating scale scores, administered within a follow-up period of 52 weeks. A slight reduction of fluoxetine dose, augmentation with mirtazapine and a switch from amisulpride to olanzapine led to resolution of nausea while preserving the anti-OCD therapeutic effect. Mirtazapine and olanzapine have already been suggested for OCD treatment, although a lack of evidence exists about their role in the course of PI-OCD. Both mirtazapine and olanzapine also act as 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor type 3 (5-HT3) blockers, making them preferred choices especially in cases of drug-induced nausea.

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“…Obsessions usually share an increasing 'anxious tension' before acting the compulsions, followed by a brief sense of relief as they are carried out. 2 There are various forms of treatments available for OCD and each treatment varies in their effectiveness. Some of the treatments are used only as a last resort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder - ‘Sangama Graha’: An Ayurvedic View

Mamidi¹,

Gupta²

2015

J Pharm Sci Innov

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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous and multi dimensional disorder. Prevalence of OCD in general population is 2-3%. The main features of OCD are obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are unwanted, intrusive, unavoidable, ego dystonic, frightening or violent thoughts and often impair quality of life. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts such as washing, cleaning, checking, touching, counting, ordering, hoarding and rituals. The understanding of OCD in Ayurvedic terms is lacking. Obsessions are similar with ati, mithya or bhayanaka chintanam whereas compulsions resembles with cheshta vibhrama. The pathological features like, mano, buddhi, cheshta, sheela and achara vibhrama explained in unmada are also found in OCD. There is marked resemblance in between OCD and bhootonmada in terms of etiopathology, symptomatology, course & prognosis and the nature of disease. The Ayurvedic diagnosis of bhootonmada is suitable for OCD. Sangama graha resembles with the condition of Tourette's syndrome comorbid with OCD.

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders: a comprehensive survey

Cited by 37 publications

References 75 publications

Attenuation of Compulsive-Like Behavior Through Positive Allosteric Modulation of α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Non-Induced Compulsive-Like Mice

Attenuation of Compulsive-Like Behavior Through Positive Allosteric Modulation of α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Non-Induced Compulsive-Like Mice

Adding 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor type 3 antagonists may reduce drug-induced nausea in poor insight obsessive-compulsive patients taking off-label doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a 52-week follow-up case report

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder - ‘Sangama Graha’: An Ayurvedic View

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