Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: epidemiology, diagnosis and management

Nazeer, Ahsan; Latif, Finza; Mondal, Aisha; Azeem, Muhammad Waqar; Greydanus, Donald E.

doi:10.21037/tp.2019.10.02

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is defined by obsessions in combination with compulsions that mildly to severely impair the patient´s quality of life (for review see, Nazeer et al 2020 ). Increased serum antibodies against basal ganglia (ABGA), Dopamin 1 receptor (DR1) and lysoganglioside have been detected in patients with OCD compared to controls (Dale et al 2005 ; Cox et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes in children: link to adult psychiatry

et al. 2021

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Studies show that psychiatric symptoms in adults and children are sometimes associated with serum neural autoantibodies. The significance of serum neural autoantibodies associated with psychiatric symptoms in children remains often unclear, but might be relevant for the extent and occurrence of psychiatric disease manifestation in later life, as well as therapy and outcome. For this narrative review, we sought articles listed in PubMed and published between 1988 and 2020 addressing the maternal–fetal transfer of neural autoantibodies and psychiatric disorders associated with serum neural autoantibodies. We identified six major subgroups of psychiatric disorders in children that are associated with serum neural autoantibodies: patients with attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, psychosis and catatonia. Furthermore, we summarized study findings from maternal–fetal transfer of Contactin-associated protein-like 2, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and fetal brain autoantibodies associated with behavioral effects in animals and humans. We hypothesize that the maternal transfer of serum neuronal autoantibodies during or after birth could result (1) in the ignition of an autoimmune-mediated inflammation having neurodevelopmental consequences for their children (autoimmune-priming-attack hypothesis) and (2) has a potential impact on the later manifestation of psychiatric disorders. Through this narrative review, we propose a diagnostic pathway for the clinical diagnosis of a potentially autoimmune origin of psychiatric symptoms in children while considering recent guidelines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes in children: link to adult psychiatry

et al. 2021

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“…The disorder progresses in a chronic waxing and fading pattern, with 15% of patients experiencing regression and 5% experiencing episodes of inter-episode rehabilitation. 28…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Ocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Approaches Based on Neuroscientific Data in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Asl

Asgari

Bakhti

2021

Int Clin Neurosci J

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Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe psychological disorder that can be very disabling. Recent increasing neuroscientific data about OCD has provided important evidence that has started to change our knowledge about treatment. This paper offers an applied perspective of neuroscience on diagnosis and treatment preparation for people with OCD disease. The main aim is to enhance clinician-researcher communication to promote the conversion of developments in neuroscience research into better treatment for patients with OCD. Methods: A PubMed search was performed using the keywords "obsessive-compulsive disorder", "neuroimaging methods", "neuroscience", and "neurological treatment". The search provided sufficient articles published in peer-reviewed journals from 1995 to 2021. The data were obtained from these various sources and were included in this review. Results: The advancement of neurotherapeutic techniques targeting the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit is the subject of a circuit dysregulation system. Also, according to neuroimaging studies, reductions in D2 receptors (about -18%), GABAA receptors (-15%), and cingulate 5-HT1A receptors (-18%) in patients with OCD were reported compared with healthy controls. Conclusion: The result suggests that DA, 5-HT, and GABA have considerable roles in anxiety- and compulsion-related disorders such as OCD. For patients with OCD, these core neuroscience themes collectively guide formulation and clinical preparation.

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“…11 OCD can be found in about 4% of the general population. 12 The disorder is characterized by changes in thinking (obsessions), changes in behavior (compulsions), or both. Obsessions are recurring, persistent, unwanted ideas, images or impulses, usually involving thoughts of harm, risk or danger, which cause anxiety and are intrusive.…”

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confidence: 99%

Obsessive-compulsive disorder reinforcement during the COVID-19 pandemic

Ornell¹,

Braga²,

Bavaresco³

et al. 2021

Trends Psychiatry Psychother

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The COVID-19 pandemic is unquestionably impacting on the mental health of the population worldwide. Fear of contamination can both increase levels of stress in healthy individuals and intensify psychiatric symptoms in patients with pre-existing conditions, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the imminent risk of contamination creates a logical need for self-surveillance and hygiene habits. However, this kind of information can have drastic implications for subjects with OCD, since cognitive distortions and compensatory strategies (cleansing rituals) are no longer irrational or oversized -rather, these ideas become legitimate and socially accepted, generating plausible validation for the intensification of compulsive cleaning rituals. Patients who presented remission of OCD symptoms would be more likely to have a relapse, and subclinical patients may scale up and ultimately be diagnosed with OCD due to the reinforcement of their habits, emotions and thoughts.

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: epidemiology, diagnosis and management

Cited by 59 publications

References 155 publications

Autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes in children: link to adult psychiatry

Autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes in children: link to adult psychiatry

Treatment Approaches Based on Neuroscientific Data in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder reinforcement during the COVID-19 pandemic

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