Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms Prevalence among Medical Students in Four Major Universities, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder is recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the top 10 most disabling disorders globally. Characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions), it significantly disrupts an individual's daily life, impacting routine, education, career development, and social relationships. The disorder's prevalence varies worldwide, with studies in Saudi Arabia showing a higher rate of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among medical students. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among undergraduate medical students in four major universities in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional, web-based survey was administered between April and June 2023 to medical students from Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal University, King Saud University, and King Abdulaziz University. The survey assessed obsessive-compulsive symptoms using the OCI-R scale. Results Out of 886 medical students, 411 (46.4%) scored 21 or more on the OCI-R, indicating probable obsessive-compulsive disorder. Females had significantly higher OCI-R scores compared to males. Younger students, those with a family or personal history of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, and those with lower academic satisfaction exhibited higher scores. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating mental health awareness programs into educational curricula due to the high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among medical students. Implementing such programs can help reduce stress and improve both academic performance and overall well-being.