Obsessive-compulsivity and working memory are associated with differential prefrontal cortex and insula activation in adolescents with a recent diagnosis of an eating disorder

Brooks, Samantha J.; Dahlberg, Linda Solstrand; Swenne, Ingemar; Aronsson, Marianne; Zarei, Sanaz; Lundberg, Lina; Jacobsson, Josefin A.; Rask‐Andersen, Mathias; Salonen-Ros, Helena; Rosling, Agneta; Larsson, Elna-Marie; Schiöth, Helgi B.

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.10.001

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…10,[28][29][30] Taken together, these studies suggest that anorexia nervosa may be characterized by a dominance of executive brain circuits, perhaps as a mechanism to predict and control anxiety produced by certain stimuli or by the possibility of failure. 31 The aims of the present study were two-fold: Given the sparse and contradictory literature on reward processing in patients with anorexia nervosa, we first wanted to compare neur al responses to anticipation and receipt of monetary rewards in recovered patients and closely matched female healthy controls using an established paradigm.…”

Section: J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015;40(5)mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…During the presentation of visual food cues (i.e., another paradigm that does not place strong demands on cognitive control), patients with acute anorexia nervosa, restrictive subtype, showed increased DLPFC activity, 28 and DLPFC activity in patients with atypical anorexia nervosa was predicted by working memory performance and the amount of obsessivecompulsive symptoms. 29 Dorsolateral PFC volume in patients with anorexia nervosa seems to be positively related to dietary restraint (i.e., cognitive strategies to inhibit appetite). 54 Furthermore, 2 studies using go/no-go task designs provide evidence suggesting altered inhibition-related neural responses in lateral frontal and parietal brain regions.…”

Section: 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated cognitive control over reward processing in recovered female patients with anorexia nervosa

Ehrlich

Geisler

Ritschel

et al. 2015

jpn

110

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Section: J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015;40(5)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated cognitive control over reward processing in recovered female patients with anorexia nervosa

Ehrlich

Geisler

Ritschel

et al. 2015

jpn

110

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“…Similarly, it has been demonstrated that an early diagnosis of eating disorder during adolescence is linked to obsessive-compulsivity regarding concerns about shape, weight, and eating ( Brooks et al, 2014b ). Furthermore, the study also reported that higher obsessive-compulsive scores correlated with slower WM performance on the N -back task.…”

Section: Anorexia Nervosa Working Memory and Cognitive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this vein, numerous recent studies have linked increased DLPFC function and related regions to WM and disease-related processes in those with AN. For example, a study revealed that increased neural activation during the perception of high calorie visual food stimuli occurs in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (including the DLPFC and ACC) in adolescents with an early diagnosis of eating disorder, as well as adults with chronic AN compared to patients with bulimia nervosa ( Brooks et al, 2011c ), and that increased DLPFC activation positively correlates with high obsessive-compulsive scores and slower WM performance ( Brooks et al, 2014b ). Other groups have also linked WM ability in those with restricting AN compared to healthy controls, to greater right DLPFC activation as cognitive load increases ( Israel et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Anorexia Nervosa Working Memory and Cognitive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Working Memory for Cognitive Control in Anorexia Nervosa versus Substance Use Disorder

et al. 2017

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Prefrontal cortex executive functions, such as working memory (WM) interact with limbic processes to foster impulse control. Such an interaction is referred to in a growing body of publications by terms such as cognitive control, cognitive inhibition, affect regulation, self-regulation, top-down control, and cognitive–emotion interaction. The rising trend of research into cognitive control of impulsivity, using various related terms reflects the importance of research into impulse control, as failure to employ cognitions optimally may eventually result in mental disorder. Against this background, we take a novel approach using an impulse control spectrum model – where anorexia nervosa (AN) and substance use disorder (SUD) are at opposite extremes – to examine the role of WM for cognitive control. With this aim, we first summarize WM processes in the healthy brain in order to frame a systematic review of the neuropsychological, neural and genetic findings of AN and SUD. In our systematic review of WM/cognitive control, we found n = 15 studies of AN with a total of n = 582 AN and n = 365 HC participants; and n = 93 studies of SUD with n = 9106 SUD and n = 3028 HC participants. In particular, we consider how WM load/capacity may support the neural process of excessive epistemic foraging (cognitive sampling of the environment to test predictions about the world) in AN that reduces distraction from salient stimuli. We also consider the link between WM and cognitive control in people with SUD who are prone to ‘jumping to conclusions’ and reduced epistemic foraging. Finally, in light of our review, we consider WM training as a novel research tool and an adjunct to enhance treatment that improves cognitive control of impulsivity.

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“…Furthermore various psychiatric disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have also been linked to deficits in WM. OCD, a frequent comorbidity in AN [17] may also play a crucial role in the use of cognitive strategies to restraint appetite [18]. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether WM tests will be of additional benefit when assessing subtle cognitive problems in patients with AN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Decline in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: Which Cognitive Domains are Most Vulnerable and Need to be Considered?

Natalia¹,

Rost²,

Alain³

et al. 2017

Clin Exp Psychol

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Objective: Besides physical complaints, patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) often suffer from cognitive problems. However, it is still a matter of debate whether a specific profile of cognitive disturbances underlies the disease, and if so, whether this profile contributes to the maintenance of the illness and also leads to the development of different subtypes of AN. The aim of the present study was to provide a more detailed knowledge on neuropsychological profiles in patients with AN using an extension of the Ravello Profile test-battery by working memory (WM) tests.Method: Twenty-nine AN patients and 20 healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Neuropsychological performance was assessed by the Ravello Profile and WM tasks such as Digit Span and Corsi Blocks, 2-and 3-Back tasks, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Paced Auditory Serial and Addition Task, as well as the Verbal Learning and Memory Test.Results: AN patients showed subtle cognitive problems on certain measures including WM performance. Compared to HC, the AN group showed significantly worse performance in verbal short-term and long-term memory, visuospatial WM, inhibition, and switching abilities, subserving successful self-regulation. Discussion:Our results speak in favour of relevance for WM decline in the context of AN. Therefore, tasks assessing visuospatial WM and information processing speed (IPS) should be added to existing test batteries such as the Ravello Profile.

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Obsessive-compulsivity and working memory are associated with differential prefrontal cortex and insula activation in adolescents with a recent diagnosis of an eating disorder

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Elevated cognitive control over reward processing in recovered female patients with anorexia nervosa

Elevated cognitive control over reward processing in recovered female patients with anorexia nervosa

The Role of Working Memory for Cognitive Control in Anorexia Nervosa versus Substance Use Disorder

Cognitive Decline in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: Which Cognitive Domains are Most Vulnerable and Need to be Considered?

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