Obstructed Defecation Syndrome: A Treatise on Its Functional Variant

Rashid, Suhail Khuroo Arshad

doi:10.4172/2165-8048.s1-005

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Obstructive defecation syndrome (ODS) is a common presentation to urogynaecology and colorectal clinics. ODS is an evacuatory disorder characterised by a normal desire to defecate but an impaired ability to evacuate rectal contents [ 1 ] Symptoms include prolonged and difficult defecation, excessive straining, incomplete evacuation, pain, laxative use and requirement for digital manoeuvres [ 2 , 3 ] Symptoms can be distressing and can significantly impact quality of life [ 1 , 4 – 8 ]. Diagnosis for ODS is based on Rome IV criteria for functional constipation and defecation disorders and relies on symptoms, balloon expulsion test, anorectal manometry and/or anal surface electromyography (EMG).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of two questionnaires to diagnose obstructive defecation syndrome during pregnancy and post-natally

et al. 2022

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Introduction and hypothesis Obstructive defecation syndrome (ODS) is a common urogynaecology presentation. This study compares two questionnaires, the electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire (e-PAQ), used in urogynaecology clinics, with the ODS-Score (ODS-S), a simple validated scoring system used in colorectal clinics for diagnosing ODS, to identify patients with an ODS-S cut-off ≥9. Methods A total of 221 paired ODS-S and e-PAQ questionnaires were completed; 80 during the second trimester of pregnancy, 73 during the third and 68 post-natally, including women sustaining obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI). e-PAQ score and ODS-S were compared and Pearson’s correlation coefficient calculated. Areas under the curve assessed the diagnostic ability of e-PAQ scores to identify patients with ODS-S of ≥9. Results The e-PAQ and ODS-S scores showed a positive correlation in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, post-natally and following OASI. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated (0.77; p < 0.001, 0.79; p < 0.001, 0.66; p = 0.001 and 0.79; p < 0.001 respectively). An e-PAQ evacuatory domain score of ≥33 identified women with an ODS score of ≥9 with a sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 94% in the second trimester, 86% and 95% third trimester and 78% and 97% in the OASI group respectively. Area under the curve was >0.90 for all groups. Conclusions Comparison of e-PAQ evacuatory domain scores and ODS-S show a strong correlation, with an e-PAQ score of ≥33 promising for identifying women with an ODS score of ≥9, indicating ODS. This study will enable us to identify women during pregnancy and post-natally with ODS for whom early recognition and intervention may be beneficial.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of two questionnaires to diagnose obstructive defecation syndrome during pregnancy and post-natally

et al. 2022

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Introduction

2024

Earth Diplomacy

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This introduction frames the historical, theoretical, and methodological contributions of the book. The author defines earth diplomacy and discuss how it differs from a dominant practice of international relations that is complicit with colonialization and ecocide. She positions the phrase within allied theories of visual sovereignty, sustainable diplomacy, and earth jurisprudence. The chapter addresses how earth diplomacy drives a critical wedge into the methodological nationalism of the existing literature on Cold War art and diplomacy, while laying to rest a long-standing colonial stereotype of the Ecological Indian. Using an example of a painting by Fritz Scholder that traveled to Romania in 1972, the author connects the fraught history of United States treaties with Native nations to the fresh betrayals of the Indian Termination policy, arguing that these circumstances conditioned Native artists’ forays into Cold War internationalism.

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Contested Kinship

2024

Earth Diplomacy

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Chapter 1 maps the ideological and geopolitical contours of Cold War Native arts activity, focusing on the international circulation of a modern painting movement headquartered in New Mexico and Oklahoma. Through a series of exhibitions sponsored by the United States government, Dorothy Dunn, the white founding director of the Studio School of the Santa Fe Indian School, exerted an outsized influence on propaganda concerning Native Americans. In tension with Dunn’s narrative, the author develops a framework of trans-Indigenous, more-than-human kinship that reconnects the paintings to customary practices of Indigenous diplomacy. Functioning as a nonnormative form of geopolitics, Native kinship systems were systematically attacked by the federal government during the Indian Termination era. They persisted as an unsettling sign of difference in the United States’ efforts to expand the frontiers of extractive capitalism throughout the majority world during the Cold War.

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Obstructed Defecation Syndrome: A Treatise on Its Functional Variant

Abstract: Intern a l M e d ic ine-O p e n A cc ess

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Comparison of two questionnaires to diagnose obstructive defecation syndrome during pregnancy and post-natally

Comparison of two questionnaires to diagnose obstructive defecation syndrome during pregnancy and post-natally

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