Obtaining accurate glucose measurements from wild animals under field conditions: comparing a hand held glucometer with a standard laboratory technique in grey seals

Bennett, Kimberley A.; Turner, Lucy M.; Millward, Sebastian; Moss, Simon; Hall, Ailsa J.

doi:10.1093/conphys/cox013

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Validation assays have been done in many groups (e.g. fish, Beecham et al , 2006; Ball and Weber, 2017; mammals, Bennett et al , 2017; birds, Lieske et al , 2002), but none have evaluated the real applicability of such technology in invertebrates. From the works that have used glucose meters in crustaceans (Lorenzon et al , 2004, 2008; Butcher et al , 2012; Aliko et al , 2015), none have tested their usability or validated the method prior to use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a well-established method, its use in the field is impractical as it demands several equipment and materials that are heavy, delicate and expensive (Stoot et al , 2014). Recently, there has been an increase in the use of point-of-care (POC) devices, primarily designed for human health, on animal physiology (Brown et al , 2008; Awruch et al , 2011; Andrewartha et al , 2016; Bennett et al , 2017). POC devices are portable, easy to use and generally cheaper than well-established lab techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many studies tested the applicability of POC testing in vertebrates (e.g. Lieske et al , 2002; Beecham et al , 2006; Ball and Weber, 2017; Bennett et al , 2017), none have so far assessed its relevance to invertebrates. Nevertheless, studies are being conducted in invertebrates using POC glucose meters without previous tests (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Point-of-care testing for measuring haemolymph glucose in invertebrates is not a valid method

Principe

Augusto

Costa

2019

Conservation Physiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Point-of-care testing for measuring haemolymph glucose in invertebrates is not a valid method

Principe

Augusto

Costa

2019

Conservation Physiology

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“…For example, Harter et al (2015) confirmed that the i-STAT portable clinical analyser was able to obtain accurate measures of blood pH in the sandbar shark ( Carcharhinus plumbeus ), but could not reliably indicate partial pressure of oxygen or haemoglobin oxygen saturation measurements. Likewise, when Bennett et al (2017) compared laboratory testing of blood glucose with measurements obtained from a portable glucometer in wild grey seals ( Halichoerus grypus ), they found the glucometer to be highly precise, but not accurate. While these validations indicate true limitations for use in some species, there are circumstances where adjustments can be made to allow for biologically accurate results.…”

Section: Where Are Researchers Placing Emphasis For Tool Development?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The conservation physiology toolbox: status and opportunities

Madliger

Love

Hultine

et al. 2018

Conservation Physiology

109

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For over a century, physiological tools and techniques have been allowing researchers to characterize how organisms respond to changes in their natural environment and how they interact with human activities or infrastructure. Over time, many of these techniques have become part of the conservation physiology toolbox, which is used to monitor, predict, conserve, and restore plant and animal populations under threat. Here, we provide a summary of the tools that currently comprise the conservation physiology toolbox. By assessing patterns in articles that have been published in ‘Conservation Physiology’ over the past 5 years that focus on introducing, refining and validating tools, we provide an overview of where researchers are placing emphasis in terms of taxa and physiological sub-disciplines. Although there is certainly diversity across the toolbox, metrics of stress physiology (particularly glucocorticoids) and studies focusing on mammals have garnered the greatest attention, with both comprising the majority of publications (>45%). We also summarize the types of validations that are actively being completed, including those related to logistics (sample collection, storage and processing), interpretation of variation in physiological traits and relevance for conservation science. Finally, we provide recommendations for future tool refinement, with suggestions for: (i) improving our understanding of the applicability of glucocorticoid physiology; (ii) linking multiple physiological and non-physiological tools; (iii) establishing a framework for plant conservation physiology; (iv) assessing links between environmental disturbance, physiology and fitness; (v) appreciating opportunities for validations in under-represented taxa; and (vi) emphasizing tool validation as a core component of research programmes. Overall, we are confident that conservation physiology will continue to increase its applicability to more taxa, develop more non-invasive techniques, delineate where limitations exist, and identify the contexts necessary for interpretation in captivity and the wild.

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“…Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide in vertebrates and is a vital metabolic fuel that provides tissues with energy when oxidized [4]. Blood glucose concentrations are regulated by a delicate balance of mechanisms involving hormones, glucose uptake, and oxidation [5,6]. In reptiles, blood glucose variations can occur due to alterations in metabolic rate, physiological changes, and environmental factors [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-/analytical factors affecting whole blood and plasma glucose concentrations in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)

Kunze¹,

Perrault²,

Chang³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Blood glucose is vital for many physiological pathways and can be quantified by clinical chemistry analyzers and in-house point-of-care (POC) devices. Pre-analytical and analytical factors can influence blood glucose measurements. This project aimed to investigate preanalytical factors on whole blood and plasma glucose measurements in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) by evaluating the effects of storage (refrigeration) up to 48h after sampling and of packed cell volume (PCV) on whole blood glucose analysis by POC glucometer (time series n = 13); and by evaluating the effects of storage (room temperature and refrigeration) on plasma glucose concentrations using a dry slide chemistry analyzer (DCA) at various conditions: immediate processing and delayed plasma separation from erythrocytes at 24h and 48h (time series n = 14). The POC glucometer had overall strong agreement with the DCA (CCC = 0.76, r = 0.84, C b = 0.90), but consistently overestimated glucose concentrations (mean difference: +0.4 mmol/L). The POC glucometer results decreased significantly over time, resulting in a substantial decline within the first 2h (0.41±0.47 mmol/L; 8 ±9%) that could potentially alter clinical decisions, thereby highlighting the need for immediate analysis using this method. The effects of PCV on glucose could not be assessed, as the statistical significance was associated with one outlier. Storage method significantly affected plasma glucose measurements using DCA, with room temperature samples resulting in rapid decreases of 3.57±0.89 mmol/L (77±9%) over the first 48h, while refrigerated samples provided consistent plasma glucose results over the same time period (decrease of 0.26±0.23 mmol/L; 6±5%). The results from this study provide new insights into optimal blood sample handling and processing for glucose analysis in sea turtles, show the suitability of the POC glucometer as a rapid diagnostic test, and confirm the reliability of plasma glucose measurements using refrigeration. These findings emphasize the need to consider pre-/analytical factors when interpreting blood glucose results from loggerhead sea turtles.

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Obtaining accurate glucose measurements from wild animals under field conditions: comparing a hand held glucometer with a standard laboratory technique in grey seals

Cited by 17 publications

References 78 publications

Point-of-care testing for measuring haemolymph glucose in invertebrates is not a valid method

Point-of-care testing for measuring haemolymph glucose in invertebrates is not a valid method

The conservation physiology toolbox: status and opportunities

Pre-/analytical factors affecting whole blood and plasma glucose concentrations in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)

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