Obtaining thyroid hormones by chemical methods based on biosynthesis modeling (a review)

Abstract

This review considers the methods of synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which were developed on the basis of hypothetical models of their biosynthesis in the organism. Most of such methods are based on the use of highly active derivatives of phenols or quinones (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenylpyruvic acid, iodine-containing derivatives of spiro-4-epoxycyclohexadienone, 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol, etc.) as arylating agents. Condensation of these compounds with 3,5-derivatives of tyrosine results in the formation of substituted diaryl esters, representing thyroid hormones or their analogs. Some of the proposed methods are highly effective and lead to high yields of thyroid hormones, which can be used as parent drug substances.

In-capillary derivatization and determination of iodine in sodium chloride solution

“…2,3 A review by Martinovich and Sviridov addresses the methods of synthesis of T3 and T4, which were developed on the basis of hypothetical models of their biosynthesis in the organism. 4 Several investigations were performed on iodine speciation in human body fluids, predominantly using chromatographic methods. 5 A hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed for the speciation of iodine.…”

Analysis of thyrostatic heteroaromatic thioamides (review)

“…Chemical methods for preparing T 3 and T 4 based on modeling of their biosynthesis have been reviewed [7]. Most current investigators regard the process of thyroid hormone formation as condensation of two diiodothyronine (DIT) residues present in thyroglobulin [8].…”