Occipital–Parietal Network Prepares Reflexive Saccades

Watanabe, Masayuki; Hirai, Masahiro; Marino, Robert A.; Cameron, Ian

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3884-10.2010

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Therefore it could be that an increase in gamma activity prior to an error reflects precocious motor activity, which increases the likelihood of the execution of the prepotent visually driven saccade (Everling et al, 1998). Manipulation of gap length in future saccade studies, however, will be necessary to determine whether gap period activities are related to trial onset or cue anticipation (Watanabe et al, 2010). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increases in single trial power also may contain both such activities, even if they are not phase locked to a stimulus (Wang and Ding, 2011). As Watanabe et al (2010) describe, manipulation of the gap interval in future studies will be necessary to model and characterize evoked fixation-offset related activity and differentiate it from motor preparatory activity. Indeed, ITC increases may reflect anticipatory brain activations rather than those that are stimulus evoked.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-Cue Fronto-Occipital Alpha Phase and Distributed Cortical Oscillations Predict Failures of Cognitive Control

Hamm¹,

Dyckman²,

McDowell³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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Cognitive control is required for correct performance on antisaccade tasks, including the ability to inhibit an externally driven ocular motor repsonse (a saccade to a peripheral stimulus) in favor of an internally driven ocular motor goal (a saccade directed away from a peripheral stimulus). Healthy humans occasionally produce errors during antisaccade tasks, but the mechanisms associated with such failures of cognitive control are uncertain. Most research on cognitive control failures focuses on post-stimulus processing, although a growing body of literature highlights a role of intrinsic brain activity in perceptual and cognitive performance. The current investigation used dense array electroencephalography and distributed source analyses to examine brain oscillations across a wide frequency bandwidth in the period prior to antisaccade cue onset. Results highlight four important aspects of ongoing and preparatory brain activations that differentiate error from correct antisaccade trials: (i) ongoing oscillatory beta (20–30Hz) power in anterior cingulate prior to trial initiation (lower for error trials), (ii) instantaneous phase of ongoing alpha-theta (7Hz) in frontal and occipital cortices immediately before trial initiation (opposite between trial types), (iii) gamma power (35–60Hz) in posterior parietal cortex 100 ms prior to cue onset (greater for error trials), and (iv) phase locking of alpha (5–12Hz) in parietal and occipital cortices immediately prior to cue onset (lower for error trials). These findings extend recently reported effects of pre-trial alpha phase on perception to cognitive control processes, and help identify the cortical generators of such phase effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Cue Fronto-Occipital Alpha Phase and Distributed Cortical Oscillations Predict Failures of Cognitive Control

Hamm¹,

Dyckman²,

McDowell³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…A PPC pulse may benefit an anti-saccade by removing influences from parietal cortex on generating a stimulus-driven pro-saccade. Indeed, human EEG evidence suggests that the posterior parietal/occipital cortex is involved in triggering express saccades (Hamm, Dyckman, Ethridge, McDowell, & Clementz, 2010), possibly by a cortical-collicular mechanism (Chen, Liu, Wei, & Zhang, 2013;Watanabe, Hirai, Marino, & Cameron, 2010).…”

Section: Effect On Performance and Reaction Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of a TMS double lesion to a cortical network

Cameron

Cretu

Struik

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has contributed to our understanding of the functions of individual brain regions, but its use to examine distributed functions throughout a network has been more limited. We assess the functional consequences of a TMS pulse to the oculomotor network which was first perturbed by continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), to examine the potential for additive effects from lesions to two network nodes. Twenty-three humans performed pro-(look towards) and anti-(look away) saccades after receiving cTBS to right frontal eye fields (FEF), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or somatosensory cortex (S1) (control). On a subset of trials, a TMS pulse was applied to right posterior parietal cortex (PPC). We assessed changes in saccade amplitudes, performance (percentage correct) and reaction times, as these parameters relate to computations in networks involving these nodes. We observed impairments in ipsilateral anti-saccade amplitudes following DLPFC cTBS that were enhanced by a PPC pulse, but that were not enhanced relative to the effect of the PPC pulse alone. There was no evidence for effects from the double lesion to performance or reaction times. This suggests that computations are distributed across the network, such that even a single lesion is consequential.

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“…Watanabe et al (2010) proposed that such studies (Hamm et al 2010) do not differentiate between fixation-offset elicited EEG signals and target anticipation EEG signals because they used fixed duration “gap” paradigms in which the pre-trial fixation point disappeared prior to target onset. Phase effects, therefore, could at least partially reflect fluctuations in motor readiness rather than visual excitability.…”

Section: Saccadic Control and Visuo-spatial Attention Network Associmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative explanation of the findings reported by Hamm et al (2012) is that the pre-stimulus fronto-occipital saccade-related alpha effects correspond to a visuospatial attentional control network (Capotosto et al 2009), and fluctuations in the efficacy of top-down monitoring of trial onset were identified in ongoing alpha oscillations. The degree to which prestimulus alpha phase effects reflect sensory and/or motor cortical functional fluctuations could be usefully investigated by varying gap duration in future studies (Watanabe et al 2010). …”

Section: Saccadic Control and Visuo-spatial Attention Network Associmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha oscillations and the control of voluntary saccadic behavior

2012

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The purpose of this review is to explore the dynamic properties of alpha oscillations as biological covariates of intra- and inter-individual variance in saccadic behavior. A preponderance of research suggests that oscillatory dynamics in the alpha band co-vary with performance on a number of visuo-spatial cognitive tasks. Here we discuss a growing body of research relating these measures to saccadic behavior, focusing also on how task related and spontaneous measures of alpha oscillations may serve as potential biomarkers for ocular motor dysfunction in clinical populations.

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Occipital–Parietal Network Prepares Reflexive Saccades

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Pre-Cue Fronto-Occipital Alpha Phase and Distributed Cortical Oscillations Predict Failures of Cognitive Control

Pre-Cue Fronto-Occipital Alpha Phase and Distributed Cortical Oscillations Predict Failures of Cognitive Control

The effects of a TMS double lesion to a cortical network

Alpha oscillations and the control of voluntary saccadic behavior

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