Occipitocervical Hemolymphangioma in an Adult with Neck Pain and Stiffness: Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction Hemolymphangioma is an extremely rare malformation of the lymphatic and blood vessels. A limited number of hemolymphangioma cases occurring in the pancreas, extremities, spleen, and other organs have been reported until September 2017. To the best of our knowledge, no cases of hemolymphangioma in the occipitocervical region have been reported in the literature. Case Presentation We reported the case of a 23-year-old male patient with an occipitocervical lesion presenting atypically as neck pain and stiffness over a period of five months. Although hemolymphangioma has historically demonstrated a female predilection (2.25 : 1 female to male) and presentation in the third to fourth decades of life, this case is an atypical manifestation occurring in a young male patient. The clinical characteristics and management choices of this uncommon case of hemolymphangioma in the occipitocervical region are discussed, and a review based on the available literature is also presented. Conclusion Hemolymphangioma of the occipitocervical region is an uncommon presentation of a rare lesion. Although rare, hemolymphangioma should be considered a differential diagnosis for masses occurring in the occipitocervical region. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice and affords a good prognosis.

Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Findings of Hemolymphangioma of the Kidney: The First Report in the Literature

“…Hemolymphangioma is a very rare and benign tumor. Hemolymphangioma has historically demonstrated a female predilection (2.25:1 female to male) and presentation in the third to fourth decades of life [6]. It may be divided into primary and secondary lymphatic vascular tumors, with a predilection for the pancreas, spleen, and lower extremity and, less commonly, in liver lesion.…”

“…Hemolymphangioma is very rare, and few cases occurring in the rectum, spleen, pancreas, liver have been reported [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Hemolymphangioma often arises from congenital malformation of vascular and lymphatic system.…”

A rare case of retroperitoneal hemolymphangioma

“…The most common location is the pancreas. Only one case of retroperitoneal hemolymphangioma has been reported [ 5 ].…”

Hemolymphangioma with multiple hemangiomas in liver of elderly woman with history of gynecological malignancy: A case report

“…Hemolymphangioma, also known as angioma lymphaticum, is an extremely rare vascular malformation that is characterized by blood vessels and cystic dilated lymphatics, which can occur at any age[ 1 , 2 ], with an estimated incidence from 1.2 to 2.8 per 1000 newborn infants[ 3 ], and both sexes are equally affected. Hemolymphangioma is considered to be a benign and noninvasive disorder, which is most commonly found in the cervical region[ 4 ], seldomly in the pancreas and spleen[ 5 ], and even more rarely in the liver.…”