Occult head injury: Its incidence in spinal cord injury

Wilmot, Conal B.; Cope, D. Nathan; Hall, Karyl M.; Acker, Mary

doi:10.1016/0003-9993(85)90148-0

Cited by 76 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It was estimated that 12% to 15% of deaths at the time of admission to hospital were associated with SCI. 19,20 Gennarelli et al reported that the mortality rate was 18.2% after head trauma and 60% of deaths in their trauma center was due to head trauma. 21 Considering that motor vehicle accidents and falls are the leading causes of traumatic SCI, we conclude that the prevention measures should be focused mainly on these types of traumas in order to reduce the frequency of SCI in Turkey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic spinal cord injuries in Turkey: a nation-wide epidemiological study

et al. 2000

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Study design: An epidemiological study conducted all over the country.Objective: The present retrospective study was conducted to survey the new traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) cases during 1992 in Turkey. Setting: Intensive care units, emergency services and departments of orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery and rehabilitation of state hospitals, rehabilitation centers, military and university hospitals. Methods: Postal questionnaires were used for data collection and the records from medical institutes nation-wide were reviewed for the analysis of the epidemiological factors. Results: Five hundred and eighty-one new traumatic SCI cases were reported in 1992. The annual incidence was found to be 12.7 per million population. Male to female ratio was 2.5 : 1 and the average age at injury was 35.5+15.1 (35.4+14.8 for males and 35.9+16.0 for females). The most common cause of injury was motor vehicle accidents (48.8%) followed by falls (36.5%), stab wounds (3.3%), gunshot injuries (1.9%) and injuries from diving (1.2%). One hundred and eighty-seven patients (32.18%) were tetraplegic and 394 patients (67.8%) were paraplegic. The most common level of injury was C5 among tetraplegics and T12 among paraplegics. The most prevalent associated injury was head trauma followed by extremity fractures. Severe head trauma resulting in death may obscure the real incidence of SCI and may cause underreporting of cases in epidemiological studies. Conclusion: Considering that motor vehicle accidents and falls were found to be the leading causes of traumatic SCI, it was concluded that the prevention measures should be focused mainly on these in order to reduce the frequency of SCI in Turkey. Spinal Cord (2000) 38, 697 ± 701

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic spinal cord injuries in Turkey: a nation-wide epidemiological study

et al. 2000

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“…It was estimated that 12 ± 15% of deaths at the time of admission to hospital were associated with SCI 13,14 : mainly due to head and brain injury, followed by cardiopulmonary problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic spinal cord injuries in Southeast Turkey: an epidemiological study

et al. 1997

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In 1994, a retrospective study of new cases of traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) was conducted in all the hospitals in Southeast Turkey: 75 new traumatic SCI were identi®ed. The estimated annual incidence was 16.9 per million population. The male/female ratio was 5.8/1. The mean age was 31.3, being 31.25 for male patients and 31.36 for female patients. 70.7% of all patients were under the age of 40. The major causes of SCI were falls (37.3%) and gunshot wounds (29.3%), followed by car accidents (25.3%), and stab wounds (1.3%). Thirty one patients (41.3%) were tetraplegic and 44 (58.7%) paraplegic. In tetraplegic patients the commonest level was C5, in those with paraplegia L1. The commonest associated injury was head trauma followed by fractures of the extremity(ies). Severe head trauma, being a major cause of death, may have obscured the actual incidence of SCI. Most of gunshot injured SCI patients were young soldiers ®ghting against the rebels. As there was no available data for the rebels with SCI, the actual incidence of SCI in Southeast (SE)Turkey should be higher than that found in this study.

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“…All included studies reported the prevalence of concomitant cranio-spinal injury in the general adult trauma population irrespective of patient outcome. For example, studies investigating the prevalence of concomitant cranio-spinal injury in a rehabilitation population were excluded [3,4,26,36,46], as patients who died or were lost to follow-up would not be included in the prevalence estimated. Similarly, studies investigating prevalence of concomitant cranio-spinal injury in an autopsy population were excluded as they would not include patients who had survived [17,31,43].…”

Section: Impact Of Methodology On Prevalence Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of concomitant traumatic cranio-spinal injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pandrich

Demetriades

2018

Neurosurg Rev

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The biomechanical relationship between cranial and spinal structures makes concomitant injury likely. Concomitant craniospinal injuries are important to consider following trauma due to the serious consequences of a missed injury. The objective of this review was to estimate the prevalence of concomitant cranio-spinal injury in the adult trauma population. A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify observational studies reporting the prevalence of concomitant cranio-spinal injury in the general adult trauma population was conducted on 21 March 2017. The prevalence of concomitant cervical spinal injury in patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI); the prevalence of concomitant spinal injury in patients with a TBI; the prevalence of concomitant TBI in patients with a cervical spinal injury; and the prevalence of concomitant TBI in patients with a spinal injury were calculated by meta-analysis. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The prevalence of concomitant cervical spinal injury in patients with a TBI was found to be 6.5% (95% CI 6.0-7.1%); the prevalence of concomitant spinal injury in patients with a TBI to be 12.4-12.5%; the prevalence of concomitant TBI in patients with a cervical spinal injury to be 40.4% (95% CI 33.0-48.0%); and the prevalence of concomitant TBI in patients with a spinal injury to be 32.5% (95% CI 10.8-59.3%). This review reports the prevalence of concomitant cranio-spinal injury and highlights the importance of considering concomitant injury in patients with a cranial or spinal traumatic injury.

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Occult head injury: Its incidence in spinal cord injury

Cited by 76 publications

References 8 publications

Traumatic spinal cord injuries in Turkey: a nation-wide epidemiological study

Traumatic spinal cord injuries in Turkey: a nation-wide epidemiological study

Traumatic spinal cord injuries in Southeast Turkey: an epidemiological study

Prevalence of concomitant traumatic cranio-spinal injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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