Occult hepatitis B infection in Egyptian health care workers

Elmaghloub, Reem; Didamony, Gamal El; Hashim, Ahmed; Morsy, Mohamed Hanafy; Hantour, Osamah; Hantour, Abdelateef; Abdelbaseer, Mohamed Ali

doi:10.26719/2017.23.5.329

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A prevalence rate of approximately 1.5% for HBsAg positivity was recorded among Egyptian HCWs, as indicated by several screenings 37,73 . Moreover, a significant number of HCWs suffer from OBI, including those who received the infantile HBV vaccination 74,75 . Therefore, regular HBsAg screening and testing for anti‐HBc and/or HBV DNA for Egyptian HCWs are recommended to detect OBI in a health care setting.…”

Section: Hbv/hepatitis D Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current situation of viral hepatitis in Egypt

Elbahrawy

Ibrahim

Eliwa

et al. 2021

Microbiology and Immunology

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An estimated 8–10 million people suffer from viral hepatitis in Egypt. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are the major causes of viral hepatitis in Egypt as 50% or more of the Egyptian population are already exposed to HAV infection by the age of 15. In addition, over 60% of the Egyptian population test seropositive for anti‐HEV in the first decade of life. HEV mainly causes self‐limiting hepatitis; however, cases of fulminant hepatitis and liver failure were reported in Egypt. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) are the main causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) in Egypt. Globally, Egypt had the highest age‐standardized death rate due to cirrhosis from 1990 to 2017. The prevalence rate of HBV (1.3%–1.5%) has declined after national infantile immunization. Coinfection of HBV patients with HDV is common in Egypt because HDV antibodies (IgG) vary in range from 8.3% to 43% among total HBV patients. After the conduction of multiple national programs to control HCV infection, a lower rate of HCV prevalence (4.6%) was recently reported. Data about the incidence of HCV after treatment with direct antiviral agents (DAAs) are lacking. An HCC incidence of 29/1000/year in cirrhotic patients after DAA treatment is reported. A higher rate of infiltrative pattern among HCC patients after DAA treatment is also recognized. Viral hepatitis is one of the major public health concerns in Egypt that needs more attention and funding from health policymakers.

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Section: Hbv/hepatitis D Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current situation of viral hepatitis in Egypt

Elbahrawy

Ibrahim

Eliwa

et al. 2021

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…In Gambia, the prevalence of occult HBV infection is 18.3% in the general population[ 27 ]. A prevalence of 18.7% of OBI was found in a Kenyan population at high risk of HBV infection[ 28 ]; Among health care workers, who are a high-risk group for infection, respective OBI prevalences of 5.3% and 6.7% have been demonstrated in Egypt and South Africa[ 29 , 30 ]. However, the presence of OBI has also been reported in countries where HBV infection is less common[ 3 , 31 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis B infection in Africa: A comprehensive review

Bazie,

Sanou,

Djigma

et al. 2024

World J Hepatol

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BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a globally prevalent infection, with its frequency being influenced by the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a particular geographic region, including Africa. OBI can be transmitted through blood transfusions and organ transplants and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The associated HBV genotype influences the infection. AIM To highlight the genetic diversity and prevalence of OBI in Africa. METHODS This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and involved a comprehensive search on PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and African Journals Online for published studies on the prevalence and genetic diversity of OBI in Africa. RESULTS The synthesis included 83 articles, revealing that the prevalence of OBI varied between countries and population groups, with the highest prevalence being 90.9% in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and 38% in blood donors, indicating an increased risk of HBV transmission through blood transfusions. Cases of OBI reactivation have been reported following chemotherapy. Genotype D is the predominant, followed by genotypes A and E. CONCLUSION This review highlights the prevalence of OBI in Africa, which varies across countries and population groups. The study also demonstrates that genotype D is the most prevalent.

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“…However, it needs to be closely monitored to recognize HBV reactivation, especially in patients receiving chemotherapeutic agents or other immunosuppressive therapy and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 49,50 . The World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Groups of Experts (SAGE) recommends that infants receive the HBV vaccine at birth 51 . In countries with high vaccine coverage rates, the prevalence of OBI was found to be relatively low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…49,50 The World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Groups of Experts (SAGE) recommends that infants receive the HBV vaccine at birth. 51 In countries with high vaccine coverage rates, the prevalence of OBI was found to be relatively low. Nationally representative pre-and post-HBV vaccine introduction impact serosurveys showed a decrease in HBsAg prevalence after the introduction of HBV vaccine.…”

Section: Analysis Of Occult Hepatitis B Infection Prevalence In Gener...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global prevalence of occult hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Pang

Shen

et al. 2022

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) in the global population. We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane and Web of Science from database inception through 27 Dec, 2018. Studies reporting HBV‐DNA serological data in previously undiagnosed hepatitis B patients were included. The data were further categorized according to the presence of risk factors. After an initial screening of 2,325 records, we finally included 98 articles about the prevalence of OBI from 34 countries and regions. The OBI prevalence was 0.82% (95% CI:0.69–0.96) in the general population, 16.26% (95% CI:10.97–22.34) in HIV patients, 13.99% (95% CI:8.33–20.79) in patients with other liver diseases, 4.25% (95% CI:1.64–7.87) in haemodialysis patients and 5.14% (95% CI:2.26–9.01) patients with other risk factors. In conclusion, OBI prevalence varies significantly across different populations and nations, which deserve attention from the public health authorities. Our results generate further epidemiological data to identify the population with OBI, which has important clinical implications in finding these high‐risk populations to design preventive and management strategies.

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Occult hepatitis B infection in Egyptian health care workers

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Current situation of viral hepatitis in Egypt

Current situation of viral hepatitis in Egypt

Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis B infection in Africa: A comprehensive review

Global prevalence of occult hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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