Occult hepatitis <scp>B</scp> infections among blood donors in <scp>L</scp>ao <scp>PDR</scp>

Jutavijittum, Prapan; Andernach, Iris E.; Yousukh, Amnat; Samountry, Bounthome; Samountry, Khamtim; Thammavong, Te; Keokhamphue, Jerapha; Toriyama, Kan

doi:10.1111/vox.12073

Cited by 30 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains one of the major infectious agent threats to the human health, it is estimated that this virus infects 400 million of the world's population and is considered as one of the most common transfusion-transmitted viral infection (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Occult HBV infection (OBI) was defined by an international workshop held in 2008 as the "presence of HBV DNA in liver (with a viral load of < 200 IU/mL or undetectable HBV DNA in the serum) of individuals testing hepatitis B surface antigen negative by currently available assays" (6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Infection Among Blood Donors in Beirut, Lebanon: Reconsider the Deferral Strategy of Anti-HBc Positive Blood Donors

et al. 2017

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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains one of the major infectious threats to human health. Since the implementation of highly sensitive HBV nucleic acid testing, occult HBV infection (OBI) has been detected. Occult HBV infection is characterized by a positive HBV DNA test with undetectable HBsAg (Hepatits B surface antigen). The prevalence of OBI varies significantly between geographic areas, genotypes, and population depending on the sensitivity of the detection assays used.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Infection Among Blood Donors in Beirut, Lebanon: Reconsider the Deferral Strategy of Anti-HBc Positive Blood Donors

et al. 2017

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“…For example, among blood donors in Argentina (n = 70 102), HBV was detected in only 0.06% of the samples, of which only four were OHB [35]. In the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the prevalence of OHB among HBsAg-negative blood donors was 10.9% [23]. In Nigeria, the incidence of OHB among blood donors reached 17% [35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

RESULTS OF GENOTYPING HEPATITIS VIRUS B IN HBsAg-NEGATIVE BLOOD DONORS IN ASTANA, KAZAKHSTAN

Ostankova

Семенов

Буркитбаев

et al. 2018

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

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Abstract. The prevalence of HBV infection is estimated by the frequency of occurrence of HBsAg and varies depending on the geographic region. Chronic infection is characterized by a stable presence of HBsAg for 6 months, with the exception of the occult form of the disease, characterized by the absence of HBsAg, an extremely low level of HBV DNA in the blood serum. The problem of identifying occult HBV (ocHBV) is especially relevant because of the development of transplantology and transfusiology. However, serological screening of donor blood used in the Russian Federation and Central Asian countries does not reveal HBV seronegative donors. Since HBV infection is possible with the introduction of small doses of the virus, the importance of using complex molecular methods for detecting donor ocHBV is obvious, despite the low viral load, since donor blood is used predominantly in patients with severe course of various diseases characterized by increased susceptibility to HBV because of immunosuppression. The aim of our work was to study the characteristics of the genetic structure of the ocHBV in donors in Astana, Kazakhstan. A total of 500 blood plasma samples from HBsAg-negative donors were obtained in 2012 from residents of Kazakhstan, Astana. Using the method, we proposed to detect HBV DNA with a low viral load, HBV was detected in 9.4% of donors. Serological markers were found in 12.7% of patients with HBV DNA, 8.5% had HBcor IgG antibodies, 4.2% had HBcor IgG and HBe IgG antibodies at the same time. Thus, in 41 (87.3%) of the blood donor, ocHBV was seronegative. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the 47 isolates showed that the HBV of genotype D (95.75%) prevails in the examined group in comparison with HBV of genotype A (4.25%). HBV subgenotypes are represented in the following ratios: D1 -46.8%, D2 -17.05%, D3 -31.9%, A2 -4.25%. In a comparative analysis, the distribution of HBV subgenotypes in the group with ocHBV and in the case of the manifest form in donors in the Republic of Kazakhstan significantly differed -χ 2 = 14.027 at p = 0.0072, d f = 4. The incidence of HBV D3 with ocHBV (31.9%) exceeded that of patients with a manifest form (7.4%). The relative risk of occult form of disease in patients with the subgenotype D3 is significantly higher (RR = 1.572, CI: 1.179-2.096, p = 0.0208). When assessing the picture of HBV diversity on the material of the group including HBsAg-negative and HBsAg-positive blood donors, it is evident that the genetic relationship of the manifestations of the manifest HBV and the ocHBV of genotype D is obvious. Among the isolates are both similar in nucleotide sequences with those previously described in various regions of Europe and Central Asia, and circulating in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which indicates an independent homologous evolution of HBV in the region. The high incidence of ocHBV among HBsAg-negative blood donors is indicative not only of the widespread prevalence of the occult form of the disease course in the population and the inadequacy ...

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“…The "anti-HBc" serological status could be attributed to different parameters among which are: (a) passive transfer of anti-HBc; (b) a recent HBV infection during which HBsAg has disappeared, while anti-HBs levels are yet undetectable; or (c) chronic HBV infection during which HBsAg is undetectable due to very low viraemia, a clinical phase recognized as occult HBV infection (14)(15)(16)(17). Although many countries implement an anti-HBc test before blood transfusion, in an attempt to decrease the risk of HBV transmission, recent studies (18)(19)(20) clearly demonstrated an absence of correlation between anti-HBc positivity and presence of HBV-DNA, indicating that anti-HBc screening is not a recommended method to identify HBV infection. For instance, a donor showing positivity for anti-HBc may be a naïve-HBV carrier i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B Virus DNA is Absent in Lebanese Blood Donors Who Are Positive for Both Anti-Hbc and Anti-Hbs Antibodies

et al. 2017

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Occult hepatitis B infections among blood donors in Lao PDR

Abstract: In Lao People's Democratic Republic, a sizable proportion of HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc antibody-positive blood donations are potentially DNA positive and infective for hepatitis B.

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

Low Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Infection Among Blood Donors in Beirut, Lebanon: Reconsider the Deferral Strategy of Anti-HBc Positive Blood Donors

Low Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Infection Among Blood Donors in Beirut, Lebanon: Reconsider the Deferral Strategy of Anti-HBc Positive Blood Donors

RESULTS OF GENOTYPING HEPATITIS VIRUS B IN HBsAg-NEGATIVE BLOOD DONORS IN ASTANA, KAZAKHSTAN

Hepatitis B Virus DNA is Absent in Lebanese Blood Donors Who Are Positive for Both Anti-Hbc and Anti-Hbs Antibodies

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