The article offers the latest view on possibilities of diagnostic algorithm to identify vaginal cancer (VC), rare tumor of the woman’s reproductive system. The algorithm is described as a consensus of leading expert in imaging diagnostics, as well as oncogynecologysts, investigating diagnostic challenges and vaginal cancer therapies. The article sets forth the principal trends in using imaging methods, their role and possibilities for staging VC, planning and assessing the efficacy of applied therapy, on-going surveillance over patients, who have undergone specialized anti-cancer treatment