Occupancy‐based monitoring of ungulate prey species in Thailand indicates population stability, but limited recovery

Phumanee, Worrapan; Steinmetz, Robert; Phoonjampa, Rungnapa; Bejraburnin, Thawatchai; Grainger, Matthew; Savini, Tommaso

doi:10.1002/ecs2.3208

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Previous studies in parts of Asia show that smaller ungulate species persist more widely than larger species (Karanth, 2016;Phumanee et al, 2020). Whereas muntjac and wild pig occurred at more sites than sambar and gaur in Thailand (Phumanee et al, 2020), gaur and pig were the least and most wide-ranging species in Karnataka Western Ghats landscape (Karanth, 2016). Contrastingly, Lamichhane et al (2020) found that barking deer had lowest site occupancy in comparison to other species in Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Body size has been successfully used to explain ungulate niche differentiation with regards to food requirements and predator sensitivity (Veldhuis et al, 2019). Previous studies in parts of Asia show that smaller ungulate species persist more widely than larger species (Karanth, 2016;Phumanee et al, 2020). Whereas muntjac and wild pig occurred at more sites than sambar and gaur in Thailand (Phumanee et al, 2020), gaur and pig were the least and most wide-ranging species in Karnataka Western Ghats landscape (Karanth, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mammal Persistence Along Riparian Forests in Western India Within a Hydropower Reservoir 55 Years Post Construction

et al. 2021

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While the negative impacts of dam construction on downstream river stretches and riparian forests are well studied, the status of wildlife presence and persistence in upstream reservoir deltas is virtually unknown. We investigated the drivers of terrestrial mammal occupancy and persistence along riparian forests of Koyna reservoir in western India 55 years after its construction. We adopted a catchment-wide field design grounded in the river continuum concept and sampled different stream orders within the reservoir. Camera traps, nested in an occupancy modeling framework, were deployed across 72 riparian sites and replicated for four seasons across all stream types. We recorded a total of nineteen species of terrestrial mammals during the study period. Multi-season occupancy models revealed three key patterns of mammal persistence: (a) ungulates were more frequently photo-captured in riparian forests; gaur and wild pig had the highest proportions of the total sampled area (0.84 ± 0.12 SE; 0.77 ± 0.07 SE, respectively); (b) small-sized ungulates were more vulnerable to local extinction than large-bodied ungulates; extinction probability was highest for barking deer (0.59 ± 0.07) and lowest for sambar (0.15 ± 0.07); and (c) distance from stream played major roles in determining mammal detection. Riparian forests are fundamentally important to ecosystem functioning and biodiversity conservation, and using the data from this study, managers can plan to sustain high mammal persistence along riparian forests at Koyna reservoir or similar Indian reserves. Further, our robust sampling approach, grounded in the terrestrial-riverine continuum concept, can be applied globally to understand species assemblages, aiding in multi-landscape and wildlife management planning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammal Persistence Along Riparian Forests in Western India Within a Hydropower Reservoir 55 Years Post Construction

et al. 2021

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“…Because our focus was exclusively on detection probability, we held occupancy constant in the final analysis (i.e., ( ψ . )p[covariate]) (Kroll et al, 2008; Moreira et al, 2016; Phumanee et al, 2020), a standard practice when focused on one component, or the other, in occupancy‐based analyses (Cook et al, 2011; Jeffress et al, 2011; Wagner et al, 2019). We ranked models using Akaike's information criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc) and considered all models with ∆AICc ≤ 2 to be competitive models (Burnham & Anderson, 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detectability and impact of repetitive surveys on threatened West African crocodylians

Ahizi

Kouman

Ouattara

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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West African crocodylians are among the most threatened and least studied crocodylian species globally. Assessing population status and establishing a basis for population monitoring is the highest priority action for this region. Monitoring of crocodiles is influenced by many factors that affect detectability, including environmental variables and individual‐ or population‐level wariness. We investigated how these factors affect detectability and counts of the critically endangered Mecistops cataphractus and the newly recognized Crocodylus suchus. We implemented 195 repetitive surveys at 38 sites across Côte d’Ivoire between 2014 and 2019. We used an occupancy‐based approach and a count‐based GLMM analysis to determine the effect of environmental and anthropogenic variables on detection and modeled crocodile wariness over repetitive surveys. Despite their rarity and level of threat, detection probability of both species was relatively high (0.75 for M. cataphractus and 0.81 for C. suchus), but a minimum of two surveys were required to infer absence of either species with 90% confidence. We found that detection of M. cataphractus was significantly negatively influenced by fishing net encounter rate, while high temperature for the previous 48 h of the day of the survey increased C. suchus detection. Precipitation and aquatic vegetation had significant negative and positive influence, respectively, on M. cataphractus counts and showed the opposite effect for C. suchus counts. We also found that fishing encounter rate had a significant negative effect on C. suchus counts. Interestingly, survey repetition did not generally affect wariness for either species, though there was some indication that at least M. cataphractus was more wary by the fourth replicate. These results are informative for designing future survey and monitoring protocols for these threatened crocodylians in West Africa and for other endangered crocodylians globally.

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“…Both parks were subject historically to intensive commercial resource use. Logging occurred throughout the parks in the 1970s and 1980s and was accompanied by commercial wildlife poaching to supply markets in surrounding towns (Phumanee et al, 2020). Populations of tigers and ungulate prey species plummeted during this period (Pattanavibool & Phoonjampa, 2017) and the parks have depressed densities of tigers and ungulates (muntjacs Muntiacus muntjak and Muntiacus feae, wild pig Sus scrofa, sambar Rusa unicolor, and gaur Bos gaurus) to this day (Phumanee et al, 2020).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand

Phumanee

Steinmetz²,

Phoonjampa³

et al. 2021

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Landscape-scale strategies for conserving wild tigers emphasize the role of core breeding populations (source sites) to replenish surrounding areas which have lost tigers. In Southeast Asia, a few potential source sites remain, particularly Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand (HKK). We investigated tiger density in two reserves (Mae Wong, Khlong Lan: MWKL) adjacent to HKK where tigers and their prey were scarce due to historic poaching but current management offered effective protection. Camera trapping revealed 10 adult tigers (four males, six females), at least two of which had immigrated from HKK. Spatially explicit tiger density was 0.359 tigers/100 km 2 , 5.6 times lower than HKK. The population was breeding, with six cubs observed. Tiger movements (measured by σ, the spatial scale parameter) were twice as extensive in MWKL as in HKK, indicative of prey scarcity in MWKL. The disparity in density between MWKL and HKK reveals that tiger recovery is a slow process when prey are scarce, even when recovery areas are apparently well-managed and connected to a source site. We review source-recovery dynamics of tigers in other sites in Asia and find that low prey impedes landscape-scale recoveries elsewhere as well.

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Occupancy‐based monitoring of ungulate prey species in Thailand indicates population stability, but limited recovery

Abstract: based monitoring of ungulate prey species in Thailand indicates population stability, but limited recovery. Ecosphere

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

Mammal Persistence Along Riparian Forests in Western India Within a Hydropower Reservoir 55 Years Post Construction

Mammal Persistence Along Riparian Forests in Western India Within a Hydropower Reservoir 55 Years Post Construction

Detectability and impact of repetitive surveys on threatened West African crocodylians

Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand

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