Occupancy Modeling of Habitat Use by White Sands Pupfish at the Malpais Spring Ciénega, New Mexico

Pittenger, J. S.; Hornsby, Fawn; Gustafson, Zoey L.

doi:10.1894/0038-4909-63-4-235

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This fan delta depositional setting would have been similar to the Lost River fan delta near Locality-2. Pittenger and Springer (1999) stated that the endangered White Sands pupfish ( Cyprinodon tularosa ) inhabited paleo-Lake Otero and extended into Salt Creek. However, during the Holocene, paleo-Lake Otero dried out, and a small population of pupfish became isolated in the wetlands of Salt Creek (Pittenger, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pleistocene footprints are younger than we thought: correcting the radiocarbon dates of Ruppia seeds, Tularosa Basin, New Mexico

Rachal,

Dello-Russo,

Cuba

2024

Quat. res.

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Past studies have demonstrated that Ruppia cirrhosa (Ruppia), which typically grows in brackish water, is far too unreliable to serve as the chronological basis for radiocarbon dating because of the hard water effect (HWE). Despite this unreliability, Ruppia seeds have been used to date footprints along the margins of paleo-Lake Otero in southern New Mexico to around 23,000–21,000 cal yr BP. In this study, we employ a modern analog approach using δ13C values and radiocarbon dates from modern Ruppia plants growing in Salt Creek to calculate a maximum limiting age range for the footprints. Those plant samples with higher δ13C values produced greater age discrepancies. This simple relationship can be used to correct for the HWE and demonstrates that the human footprints purported to have been made during the local last glacial maximum could be at least ~7500 yr younger.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pleistocene footprints are younger than we thought: correcting the radiocarbon dates of Ruppia seeds, Tularosa Basin, New Mexico

Rachal,

Dello-Russo,

Cuba

2024

Quat. res.

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“…As insurance, we recommend that managers consider the founding of a replicate (or captive) MS population because it contains most of the ancestral variation in any of the sampled populations. At least two uninhabited natural water sources, North Mound Spring and Barrel Spring, are potential candidate sites because they are similar to Malpais Spring in water chemistry ( 18 ). The establishment of refuge and captive populations have already been successfully implemented in other pupfish species such as the Devils Hole pupfish ( 23 ) and the Leon Spring pupfish ( 24 ) and could be implemented in this system as well.…”

Section: Divergence Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( B ) Map illustrating the geographic location of the three sampled C. tularosa populations. Two proposed relocation sites ( 18 ), North Mound Spring and Barrell Spring, were not sampled by us but are also included and symbolized by triangles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid vertebrate speciation via isolation, bottlenecks, and drift

Black,

Heenkenda,

Mathur

et al. 2024

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Speciation is often driven by selective processes like those associated with viability, mate choice, or local adaptation, and “speciation genes” have been identified in many eukaryotic lineages. In contrast, neutral processes are rarely considered as the primary drivers of speciation, especially over short evolutionary timeframes. Here, we describe a rapid vertebrate speciation event driven primarily by genetic drift. The White Sands pupfish ( Cyprinodon tularosa ) is endemic to New Mexico’s Tularosa Basin where the species is currently managed as two Evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) and is of international conservation concern (Endangered). Whole-genome resequencing data from each ESU showed remarkably high and uniform levels of differentiation across the entire genome (global F ST ≈ 0.40). Despite inhabiting ecologically dissimilar springs and streams, our whole-genome analysis revealed no discrete islands of divergence indicative of strong selection, even when we focused on an array of candidate genes. Demographic modeling of the joint allele frequency spectrum indicates the two ESUs split only ~4 to 5 kya and that both ESUs have undergone major bottlenecks within the last 2.5 millennia. Our results indicate the genome-wide disparities between the two ESUs are not driven by divergent selection but by neutral drift due to small population sizes, geographic isolation, and repeated bottlenecks. While rapid speciation is often driven by natural or sexual selection, here we show that isolation and drift have led to speciation within a few thousand generations. We discuss these evolutionary insights in light of the conservation management challenges they pose.

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Spatial and temporal partitioning between eastern gray and fox squirrels in a Central Hardwood forest

Remmers,

Lesmeister,

Nielsen

2024

Journal of Mammalogy

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Congeneric fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) and eastern gray squirrels (S. carolinensis) compete for resources within North American temperate forests. Both species exhibit regional variation in morphology and behavior—potentially due to differences in geography, community composition, or ecological pressures between forested regions. While many have studied these species in other forested regions of the United States, recent assessments of partitioning between these species in Central Hardwood forests remain scarce. We investigated spatial and temporal partitioning between squirrel species using photographic captures from camera traps at 2 scales (i.e., camera location and camera cluster) across a 16,058-km2 region of southern Illinois, United States, during January to April 2008 to 2010. We fitted single-season single-species and co-occurrence occupancy models to assess spatial partitioning at both scales and used kernel density analysis to assess temporal partitioning. We recorded 3,044 photographic captures of focal species (n = 918 fox squirrels and 2,126 eastern gray squirrels). Fox Squirrel occupancy was 0.26 ± 0.09 (SE) and 0.50 ± 0.17 at the camera location and camera cluster scales, respectively. Eastern Gray Squirrel occupancy was 0.47 ± 0.07 and 0.84 ± 0.23 at the camera location and camera cluster scales, respectively. Fox Squirrel occupancy increased with further distances to roads and had scale-dependent relationships to forest structure. Eastern Gray Squirrel occupancy increased with more hardwood basal area. Co-occurrence was influenced by distance to road at the camera location scale. We found a moderate level of activity overlap between species (Δ = 0.63, CI = 0.60 to 0.67); however, no evidence of temporal partitioning was observed. Habitat characteristics and spatial scale appear more influential in partitioning eastern gray and fox squirrels in Central Hardwood forests than peak activity.

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Occupancy Modeling of Habitat Use by White Sands Pupfish at the Malpais Spring Ciénega, New Mexico

Cited by 3 publications

References 68 publications

The Pleistocene footprints are younger than we thought: correcting the radiocarbon dates of Ruppia seeds, Tularosa Basin, New Mexico

The Pleistocene footprints are younger than we thought: correcting the radiocarbon dates of Ruppia seeds, Tularosa Basin, New Mexico

Rapid vertebrate speciation via isolation, bottlenecks, and drift

Spatial and temporal partitioning between eastern gray and fox squirrels in a Central Hardwood forest

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