Occupant Injury Patterns in Crashes with Airbag Equipped Government Sponsored Cars

Backaitis, Stanley H.; Roberts, J. Vernon

doi:10.4271/872216

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The curb tests were not severe enough to ensure that the sensors would not close in a test up to the limit of potential occupant injury. Nevertheless, these tests certainly strengthen the belief that unwanted deployments due to rough driving would not occur in routine use (Backaitis and Roberts, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Dynamic padding by retrofit airbags and knee bars. A study of Swedish mail delivery cars

et al. 1992

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The present study demonstrates the feasibility of a retrofit driver airbag system and knee bars in passenger cars for mail delivery. The system was tested in field experiments, in rough road test, and in low and high speed barrier test. No faults of the system occurred and the crash tests revealed that the energy reducing capacity in frontal collisions was satisfactory. As airbags prevent injuries to non-belt-users, such as certain occupational drivers, we advocate a wider implementation of retrofit airbag systems. We also stress the importance of using seat belts in conjunction with airbags. R&urn6 Cette etude dkmontre la faisabilite de la mise en place du systeme de conduite avec coussin d'air month apres construction et barres de protection pour les genoux dans les voitures de tourisme affectees a la distribution du courrier. Le systeme a Bte test& sur le terrain, il a subi des tests sur route trks difficiles ainsi que des tests de collision frontale a vitesse Qlevee et basse. Aucun defaut n'a pu 8tre detect6 sur le systeme et les tests de collision ont r&elk que la capacite de reduction d'energie au tours des collisions frontales Qtait satisfaisante. Etant don& que les coussins d'air kvitent des blessures aux personnes qui ne s'attachent pas en voiture, comme c'est souvent le cas pour celles qui sont chauffeur/livreur, nous conseillons et souhaitons vivement que le systeme a coussin d'air retrofit puisse dtre mis en place 21 t&s large Bchelle. Nous mettons Bgalement l'accent sur l'importance de l'utilisation des ceintures en combinaison avec les coussins d'air.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…However, belt use of drivers does not drop in cars equipped with air bags (Williams et al, 1990). While airbags can reduce injury both among belted and unbelted occupants, the most effective way to prevent injury is the joint use of a lap-shoulder belt and an airbag (Backaitis and Roberts, 1987;Evans, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic padding by retrofit airbags and knee bars. A study of Swedish mail delivery cars

et al. 1992

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“…Thoracic injuries among belted occupants could be reduced by means of improved design of safety belts, such as elimination of belts that do not automatically retract after an occupant moves forward loosening the belt, and inclusion of pre-tensioners that tighten the belt immediately at crash impact (Viano 1988). Finally, standard installation of airbag restraint systems in all cars would not only provide additional protection from thoracic and other injuries among belted occupants, but would provide substantial protection to those occupants who refuse to use safety belts despite a compulsory use law (Backaitis and Roberts 1987…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a mandatory safety belt law on hospital admissions

Wagenaar

Margolis

1990

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Although the effectiveness of automobile safety belts in reducing risk of serious injury in traffic crashes is well documented, safety belt use in many U.S. jurisdictions remains low. Michigan's mandatory safety belt law for front-seat occupants, implemented in July 1985, is one of 34 similar laws in the United States intended to increase belt use and reduce crash-related injuries. Using time-series intervention analyses of data from 14 hospitals throughout the state, we found a 19% reduction in the rate of admitted patients for all automobile occupant injuries and a 20% reduction in the rate of admitted patients with extremity injuries following implementation of the safety belt law. The utility of hospital data for the evaluation of interventions like the safety belt law reinforce the importance of consistently recording E-codes for all injury patients.

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The Field Performance of Frontal Air Bags: A Review of the Literature

Kent

Viano

Crandall

2005

Traffic Injury Prevention

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This article presents a broad review of the literature on frontal air bag field performance, starting with the initial government and industry projections of effectiveness and concluding with the most recent assessments of depowered systems. This review includes as many relevant metrics as practicable, interprets the findings, and provides references so the interested reader can further evaluate the limitations, confounders, and utility of each metric. The evaluations presented here range from the very specific (individual case studies) to the general (statistical analyses of large databases). The metrics used to evaluate air bag performance include fatality reduction or increase; serious, moderate, and minor injury reduction or increase; harm reduction or increase; and cost analyses, including insurance costs and the cost of life years saved for various air bag systems and design philosophies. The review begins with the benefits of air bags. Fatality and injury reductions attributable to the air bag are presented. Next, the negative consequences of air bag deployment are described. Injuries to adults and children and the current trends in air bag injury rates are discussed, as are the few documented instances of inadvertent deployments or non-deployment in severe crashes. In the third section, an attempt is made to quantify the influence of the many confounding factors that affect air bag performance. The negative and positive characteristics of air bags are then put into perspective within the context of societal costs and benefits. Finally, some special topics, including risk homeostasis and the performance of face bags, are discussed.

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Occupant Injury Patterns in Crashes with Airbag Equipped Government Sponsored Cars

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Dynamic padding by retrofit airbags and knee bars. A study of Swedish mail delivery cars

Dynamic padding by retrofit airbags and knee bars. A study of Swedish mail delivery cars

Effects of a mandatory safety belt law on hospital admissions

The Field Performance of Frontal Air Bags: A Review of the Literature

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