Occupation- and age-associated risk of SARS-CoV-2 test positivity, the Netherlands, June to October 2020

Gier, Brechje de; Lima, Priscila de Oliveira Bressane; Gaalen, Rolina D. van; Boer, Pieter T. de; Alblas, J.L. Blussé van Oud; Ruijten, Marc; Gageldonk-Lafeber, Arianne B van; Waegemaekers, Toos; Schreijer, Anja; Hof, Susan van den; Hahné, Susan

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.50.2001884

Cited by 46 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In accordance with the present results, the food production/processing sector has been identified by European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) as a potential hotspot for COVID-19 clusters or outbreaks [10]. Several distinct job characteristics could expose individuals to a high risk of contracting COVID-19, such as exposure to the virus due to the proximity to others, face-to-face discussions, and interactions with external customers or the public [11][12][13][14]. While there are certainly employers in the food/catering industry who provide high-quality jobs, by and large, the sector consists of very low-wage jobs with few benefits, and many restaurant workers live in poverty or near-poverty [15][16][17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In that context, apart from the food production/processing sector, the education, childcare sectors, sales, and retail sectors, bus/coach/taxi drivers and construction workers have also been proposed as occupations with a high potential for exposure and outbreaks. Another study, performed from June to October 2020 in the Netherlands, found that hospitality and public transport workers, driving instructors, hairdressers, and aestheticians had higher test positivity compared with a reference group of individuals without a close-contact occupation [11]. However, in this study, certain occupations with high SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, such as food processing, were not identified, given the limited number of occupational categories in the questionnaire [11].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

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Repeated Antigen-Based Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Estimating the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevalence from the Perspective of the Workers’ Vulnerability before and during the Lockdown

Kotsiou

Pantazopoulos

Papagiannis

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: No previous study has investigated the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and the changes in the proportion of positive results due to lockdown measures from the angle of workers’ vulnerability to coronavirus in Greece. Two community-based programs were implemented to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and investigate if the prevalence changes were significant across various occupations before and one month after lockdown. Methods: Following consent, sociodemographic, clinical, and job-related information were recorded. The VivaDiag™ SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Test was used. Positive results confirmed by a real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction for SARS-COV-2. Results: Positive participants were more likely to work in the catering/food sector than negative participants before the lockdown. Lockdown restrictions halved the new cases. No significant differences in the likelihood of being SARS-CoV-2 positive for different job categories were detected during lockdown. The presence of respiratory symptoms was an independent predictor for rapid antigen test positivity; however, one-third of newly diagnosed patients were asymptomatic at both time points. Conclusions: The catering/food sector was the most vulnerable to COVID-19 at the pre-lockdown evaluation. We highlight the crucial role of community-based screening with rapid antigen testing to evaluate the potential modes of community transmission and the impact of infection control strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Repeated Antigen-Based Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Estimating the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevalence from the Perspective of the Workers’ Vulnerability before and during the Lockdown

Kotsiou

Pantazopoulos

Papagiannis

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…At least two recent studies did not find associations between race and mortality outcomes among those able to access hospital care [100,101], contrary to findings of most other research, including this review. More recent studies have also examined a wider range of sociodemographic factors in relation to COVID-19 infection such as primary spoken language [96], and additional studies have examined those factors less often assessed in early reports, such as educational attainment [90,93,97], occupation [97,102,103], and marital status [93]. Contrasting the early findings from one study included in our analysis, at least two studies indicate that cohabitation and larger households are associated with COVID-19 infection and mortality [103,104].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 75%

Social determinants of COVID-19 incidence and outcomes: A rapid review

et al. 2021

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Early reports indicate that the social determinants of health are implicated in COVID-19 incidence and outcomes. To inform the ongoing response to the pandemic, we conducted a rapid review of peer-reviewed studies to examine the social determinants of COVID-19. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from December 1, 2019 to April 27, 2020. We also searched the bibliographies of included studies, COVID-19 evidence repositories and living evidence maps, and consulted with expert colleagues internationally. We included studies identified through these supplementary sources up to June 25, 2020. We included English-language peer-reviewed quantitative studies that used primary data to describe the social determinants of COVID-19 incidence, clinical presentation, health service use and outcomes in adults with a confirmed or presumptive diagnosis of COVID-19. Two reviewers extracted data and conducted quality assessment, confirmed by a third reviewer. Forty-two studies met inclusion criteria. The strongest evidence was from three large observational studies that found associations between race or ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation and increased likelihood of COVID-19 incidence and subsequent hospitalization. Limited evidence was available on other key determinants, including occupation, educational attainment, housing status and food security. Assessing associations between sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 was limited by small samples, descriptive study designs, and the timeframe of our search. Systematic reviews of literature published subsequently are required to fully understand the magnitude of any effects and predictive utility of sociodemographic factors related to COVID-19 incidence and outcomes. PROSPERO: CRD4202017813.

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“…Evidence coming from retrospective and cross-sectional studies early in the pandemic [28][29] and from larger surveillance studies relating to the second peak of the pandemic, strongly supports minimal transmission rates in European day-care centres and primary schools, both for pupils and educational staff [30][31][32][42][43][44]. Significantly, this finding remains consistent also in areas of high COVID-19 background incidence and after systematic contact testing of each paediatric index case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Promoting Factfulness in the Covid-19 pandemic-related policymaking: a map to understanding school closures

Nenna

Zeric

Petrarca

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Introduction: In the era of data-driven decision-making, an unacceptable haziness and inconsistency surrounds the yearlong scientific and public debate on the school closure policy in the COVID-19 pandemic mitigation efforts. Aim: The present literature review stems out of the need for a clear scaffold collecting in one place all current evidence, as well as helping organizing incoming future evidence, concerning both the role of schools in driving the Sars-CoV-2 community spread and the cost-effectiveness of school closure in containing such spread. Methods: References for this review were initially identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library for articles published from March, 2020, to March, 2021 by use of the terms “Schools” “COVID-19” “pandemic” “clusters” “outbreak” “seroprevalence”. Further search was undertaken through Google Scholar and ResearchGate, and finally through Google. Results: School closure at times of high background prevalence of COVID-19 should not be considered a measure implemented to protect the health of children. Children had lower secondary attack rates than adults and that they infrequently represented the index case. One year of pandemic has been sufficient for the emergence of one indication of concern: a potentially increased burden of paediatric mental health disorders. Conclusions: A fact-based understanding of what is currently known on such a consequential policy is required to provide a basis of evidence for an advocacy of either school closure or school opening at times of high intensity community transmission of Sars-CoV-2.

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Occupation- and age-associated risk of SARS-CoV-2 test positivity, the Netherlands, June to October 2020

Cited by 46 publications

References 4 publications

Repeated Antigen-Based Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Estimating the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevalence from the Perspective of the Workers’ Vulnerability before and during the Lockdown

Repeated Antigen-Based Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Estimating the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevalence from the Perspective of the Workers’ Vulnerability before and during the Lockdown

Social determinants of COVID-19 incidence and outcomes: A rapid review

Promoting Factfulness in the Covid-19 pandemic-related policymaking: a map to understanding school closures

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